系统视野中的上海节庆旅游资源开发

上海节庆旅游资源因其所扮演的促进旅游业和区域经济发展的举足轻重的角色而引起各方关注。本文试以系统论思想为指导,以都市旅游为背景,探讨节庆旅游资源的涵义和上海节庆旅游资源作为系统所具有的整体性、联系性、有序性和动态性等特点。     

中法越南交涉时期中国的"瓯脱"筹议

中法越南交涉时期,随着边疆形势日益危迫,"瓯脱"古法逐渐受到中国朝野重视.自1882年起,曾纪泽屡向法方阐发"隔阂"理论,法国则顺水推舟,提出有名无实的"瓯脱"方案.法国方案虽遭中方驳斥,但因越南局势变化,旋为醇亲王等人所注重.李福协定签订前后,国内请设"瓯脱"之声渐起.至《中法新约》议订时期,清廷亦开始积极谋划"瓯脱".中法勘界前夕,清朝关于"瓯脱"的呼声更是空前高涨,然终因法方强烈反对而停息.这一时期的"瓯脱"筹议,深刻地反映出晚清国人利用传统思想资源挽救边疆危局的努力,其中亦足见清朝疆土观念走向近代的曲折.     

隋炀帝萧后墓出土发钗材料与工艺初步研究

2013年扬州隋炀帝萧后墓出土一组发钗(十二支),是目前考古发现隋唐时期墓主身份确定为皇后级别的一组发钗。本研究采用X光探伤技术、显微观察、扫描电镜能谱、显微红外光谱等多种现代分析手段对萧后发钗进行了检测分析,成功揭示了钗的纹饰特点、结构特征、材料属性和加工工艺等,为考古学、技术史、艺术史等深入研究提供了诸多科学依据。     

Mapping cultural policy in Portugal: From incentives to crisis

Abstract

Taking into account the course of cultural policy in democratic Portugal, and against the backdrop of the international crisis of 2008 and the sovereign debt crisis of 2011, this article seeks to interpret recent changes in the cultural sector in Portugal. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods it focuses on three main aspects: institutionalisation of democratic cultural policy; government funding; cultural organizations and facilities. The 2008 crisis put an end to a period in which investment tended to grow. We place Portugal in the broader European context, concluding that the Portuguese cultural scene may once again diverge from that of other European countries.     

Can Lost Maps Speak? Toward a Cultural History of Map Reading in Medieval China

Despite the fact that virtually no Chinese maps have survived from the first millennium, it is nonetheless possible to reconstruct a rich context associated with their production, use and perception from a variety of written sources. Three cases from the Tang dynasty (618–907 ce) are presented in this article in which the characteristics of the missing maps emerge through their associated texts, which have outlasted them. These examples include two documents that once accompanied maps presented to the emperor and an anecdote that refers to a map of the remote southern frontier. They demonstrate that the maps were designed not only to encapsulate imperial territory but also to serve as guideposts for aspirational travel. They were also perceived by their users as invitations to experiences both desirable and undesirable.     

陶瓷里的羊

羊,温顺,惹人爱。羊,食草,易于养。中国文化赋予羊吉祥美好的内涵。羊大为美;＂羊＂通＂祥＂,象征吉祥;羊有跪乳之恩,示人以孝,教人以礼。中国人自古就喜欢以羊为题材制作和装饰物件。我国最精美的青铜器四羊方尊,四只绵羊立于方尊的四角,精美绝伦。著名的殷墟妇好墓出土的玉质野生动物、家畜家禽、羊列在其中。     

《白石道人诗说》伪托说考辨与南宋诗坛风气演变

《白石道人诗说》历来被认为是姜夔所作,但姜夔却在《诗说自序》中说此书得自山中＂异人＂。通过对姜夔及其友人的诗词分析,可知姜夔在淳熙丙午遇见隐士一事为真。《白石道人诗说》有可能是姜夔在他人的诗学思想影响下完成的。这与姜夔诗学思想的转变以及南宋中期诗坛风气的转变有着密切的关系。     

Quantification of Linked Column Frame Seismic Performance Factors for Use in Seismic Design

Previous research has proposed the Linked Column Frame (LCF) as a lateral load-resisting system capable of providing rapid return to occupancy for buildings impacted by moderate earthquake events and collapse prevention in very large events. The LCF consists of flexible moment frames (MF) and linked columns (LC), which are closely spaced dual columns interconnected with bolted links. The linked columns (LC) are designed to limit seismic forces and provide energy dissipation through yielding of the links, while preventing damage to the moment frame under certain earthquake hazard levels. The proposed design procedure ensures the links of the linked column yield at a significantly lower story drift than the beams of the moment frame, enabling design of this system for two distinct performance states: rapid repair, where only link damage occurs and quick link replacement is possible; and collapse prevention, where both the linked column and moment frame may be damaged.

Here, the seismic performance factors for the LCF system, including the response modification factor, R, the system over-strength factor, Ω₀, and the deflection amplification factor, C_d, are established following the procedures described in FEMA P695 [2009]. These parameters are necessary for inclusion of the system in the building code. This work describes the development of archetype structures, numerical models of the LCF systems, incremental dynamic analyses, and interpretation of the results. From the results, it is recommended that R, Ω₀, and C_d values of 8, 3, and 5.5 be used for seismic design of the LCF system. A height limit of 35 m (115ft) is recommended at this time as taller LCFs are not considered in this study.     

Smelting and recycling evidences from the Late Bronze Age habitat site of Baiões (Viseu,Portugal)

Many aspects of bronze production during Late Bronze Age in Western Europe are so far unknown. In the present study selected artefact fragments and metallurgical debris, which include a slag fragment, from the emblematic Late Bronze Age habitat site of Castro da Senhora da Guia de Baiões (Viseu, Portugal) have been studied by optical microscopy, micro-EDXRF, SEM–EDS and XRD. Evidences were found for bronze production involving smelting and recycling. Compositional analysis showed that the artefacts are made of a bronze with 13 ± 3 wt.% Sn (average and one standard deviation) and a low impurity pattern, namely <0.1 wt.% Pb, being comparable with the composition of other bronzes from the same region (the Central Portuguese Beiras). This alloy is generally different from elsewhere Atlantic and Mediterranean bronzes, which show frequently slightly lower Sn contents and higher impurity patterns, namely Pb which is often present as an alloying element. The present study gives further support to early proposals suggesting the exploration of the Western Iberian tin resources during Late Bronze Age, and besides that, it indicates that metalworking and smelting could have been a commonplace activity requiring no specific facilities, being bronze produced at a domestic scale in this Western extreme of Europe.     

试论毛泽东对人民参加国家管理的探索

跳出执政＂历史周期率＂是毛泽东始终思考的重要命题。新中国成立以后,毛泽东就这一问题继续进行思考与探索,并取得了一系列重要成果。毛泽东关于人民参加国家管理的思想,在当今时代条件下依然闪耀着智慧的光芒,它对于推进当代中国民主政治建设仍具有重要启示意义。