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R. Tipping M.J. Bunting A.L. Davies H. Murray Shannon Fraser R. McCulloch 《Journal of archaeological science》2009
A methodology is described by which spatial patterns of land use were reconstructed from pollen analyses on anthropogenic sediments at a recently excavated early Neolithic timber ‘hall’ in north east Scotland. The anthropogenic sediments were from a deep, small diameter pit within the building. They present numerous taphonomic and interpretative challenges to the analyst, but from this type of deposit, the power to estimate quantitatively the vegetation structure around the archaeological site makes such difficult deposits very significant. A rigorous methodology is firstly described, therefore, by which confidence in ecological interpretation can be established. Secondly, the source of pollen in the deposit is evaluated. Thirdly, the possible pollen source area and structure of the surrounding vegetation are estimated by quantitative simulation modelling. Finally, these analyses are compared with region-scale pollen analyses from nearby conventional wetland deposits with much larger pollen source areas. The pollen assemblages recovered probably reflect land uses adjacent to the ‘hall’ and up to 2.5 km around. Cereal cultivation was the most important land use immediately around the ‘hall’, possibly grown between stands of scrub Corylus (hazel) woodland. These intensive but local-scale land uses cannot be discerned in region-scale pollen analyses. 相似文献
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65.
Valentine Roux 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2007,14(2):153-178
Ethnoarchaeology appears nowadays as a poorly formulated field. However, it could become a real science of reference for interpreting
the past if it was focused upon well-founded cross-cultural correlates, linking material culture with static and dynamic phenomena.
For this purpose, such correlates have to be studied in terms of explanatory mechanisms. Cross-cultural correlates correspond
to those regularities where explanatory mechanisms invoke universals. These universals can be studied by reference to the
theories found in the different disciplines they relate to and which are situated outside of the domain of archaeology. In
the domain of technology, cross-cultural correlates cover a wide range of static and dynamic phenomena. They allow the archaeologist
to interpret archaeological facts—for which there is not necessarily analogue—in terms of local historical scenario as well
as cultural evolution. In this respect, it is shown that ethnoarchaeology, when following appropriate methodologies and focussing
on the universals that underlie the diversity of archaeological facts, does provide the reference data needed to climb up
in the pyramid of inferences that make up our interpretative constructs. 相似文献
66.
Richard Pearson 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2007,11(2):122-151
In this paper I examine the development of a particular kind of grey stoneware called kamuiyaki which was produced and traded
within the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan, in the eleventh to fourteenth centuries. The wares themselves, their chronology,
and archaeological context are discussed. The kilns represent the first enterprise in the islands in which a commodity was
made for exchange on a substantial scale. The establishment of the kilns in a remote area, with technological borrowing from
both Japan and Korea, reflects social and economic trends of the beginning of the Medieval Period in Japan. Greyware production,
circulation, and consumption, reconstructed from recent excavations, shows a political economy capable of fostering the development
of small states on the island of Okinawa in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. 相似文献
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68.
Eileen M. Murphy 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2011,15(3):409-428
Cilliní—or children’s burial grounds—were the designated resting places for unbaptized infants and other members of Irish society
who were considered unsuitable by the Roman Catholic Church for burial in consecrated ground. The sites appear to have proliferated
from the seventeenth century onwards in the wake of the Counter-Reformation. While a number of previous studies have attempted
to relate their apparently marginal characteristics to the liminality of Limbo, evidence drawn from the archaeological record
and oral history accounts suggests that it was only the Roman Catholic Church that considered cilliní, and those interred within, to be marginal. In contrast, the evidence suggests that the families of the dead regarded the
cemeteries as important places of burial and treated them in a similar manner to consecrated burial grounds. 相似文献
69.
Tobias Lauer Rainer Bonn Manfred Frechen Magret C. Fuchs Marcus Trier Sumiko Tsukamoto 《Geochronometria》2011,38(4):341-349
Due to the construction of a new North-South subway in Cologne, Roman time harbour sediments were exposed and were sampled
for luminescence dating. A very good independent age control was given by the precise knowledge of the chronology of Roman
activity and by radiocarbon ages of charcoal samples. Hence, different methodological approaches within luminescence dating
were applied for Holocene heterogeneously bleached fluvial samples and were compared to the known ages. For one sample, optically
stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating was applied to coarse-grained quartz using a single aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol.
After De-measurements, different statistical approaches were tested (i.e. arithmetic mean, median, minimum age model, finite mixture
model, leading edge method and the Fuchs and Lang approach). It is demonstrated that the Fuchs and Lang approach along with
the leading edge method yielded the best matching OSL ages with respect to the known ages. 相似文献
70.
Pauline Burger Armelle Charrié-Duhaut Jacques Connan Pierre Albrecht 《Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences》2011,3(2):185-200
Plant and particularly non-wood forest products have played an important role in the evolution of human cultures all over
the world, as source of food but also of raw substances fulfilling material, spiritual, and medicinal requirements. Plant
exudates and particularly dammar resins (Dipterocarpaceae family) were widely used in the past in Asia notably as waterproofing
and caulking materials. This study focuses on the GC–MS chemical characterisation of freshly collected dammars and establishes
new molecular parameters enabling discrimination between dammars and other types of plant resin, whatever their botanical
origin. Such analyses provide clues for a precise identification (taxonomy, occurrence of other material in addition to the
resin, alteration state) of unknown resinous material discovered in archaeological contexts. The value of our approach is
illustrated by the taxonomic characterisation of two samples collected in jars from the Brunei wreck and a Chinese junk lost
more than 40 km off the Sultanate of Brunei during the end of the fifteenth century or the early beginning of the sixteenth
century. 相似文献