New Jurassic predatory cockroaches (Blattaria: Raphidiomimidae) from Daohugou,China and Karatau,Kazakhstan

Liang, J., Shih, C. &; Ren, D., October 2017. New Jurassic predatory cockroaches (Blattaria: Raphidiomimidae) from Daohugou, China and Karatau, Kazakhstan. Alcheringa 42, 101–109. ISSN 0311-5518.

Two new species and a new combination in a new genus of predatory cockroaches, Falcatusiblatta gracilis and F. qiandaohua from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Daohugou, China and F. karatavica (Vishniakova) comb. nov. from the Upper Jurassic Karabastau Formation of Karatau, Kazakhstan are described within Raphidiomimidae. The new taxa are distinguished by the presence of a very long ovipositor (plesiomorphy) and elongate cerci with heteronomous articles and forewing markings with irregular patch-like shapes of light and dark patterns (autapomorphies).

Junhui Liang [liangjh0602@126.com], Tianjin Natural History Museum, 31 Youyi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300203, PR China; Chungkun Shih? [chungkun.shih@gmail.com], College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, PR China; Dong Ren [rendong@mail.cnu.edu.cn], College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, PR China. ?Also affiliated with: Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA.     

Multi‐analytical Studies of Archaeological Chinese Earthen Plasters: The Inner Wall of the Longhu Hall (Yuzhen Palace,Ancient Building Complex,Wudang Mountains,China)

The Yuzhen Palace is one of the nine palaces in the Ancient Building Complex built by order of the Yongle Emperor during the Ming dynasty. The buildings were built with dressed black bricks. As a result of the planned national South–North Water Diversion project, the water level in the Danjiangkou Reservoir that surrounds the Yuzhen Palace was expected to rise by approximately 15 m. To avoid submersion of the site, three gates were elevated by 15 m in 2013 and other buildings dismantled, for later reconstruction. The characterization of the construction materials has therefore become of primary importance. Here, we present results on the plasters of the Longhu Hall. The analysis of materials involved a multi‐analytical approach combining optical and electron microscopy with X‐ray and vibrational spectromicroscopies and thermogravimetry. The results indicated the use of two earthen plaster layers and a whitewash finish coating applied over a thin preparatory intermediate layer to improve the adherence of the finish coating to the earthen plaster. Ramie and straw fibres identified in the earthen plasters were added to reduce shrinkage and cracking during drying. The raw materials used and the application technique pointed to a well‐established construction industry using traditional earthen building materials together with lime technology.     

古墨的制作工艺及保存问题的探讨

采用近代分析方法研究墨坯锤打过程中的物理化学机理,结合古墨的结构形貌分析,对其保存问题进行初步探讨。     

SPACE–TIME MEASURES OF DEMAND FOR SERVICE: BRIDGING LOCATION MODELLING AND ACCESSIBILITY STUDIES THROUGH A TIME‐GEOGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK

Demand for service in location modelling is often evaluated based on the spatial proximity of fixed and static reference locations of demand (e.g. home) to a facility, which ignores person‐specific activity–travel patterns and the temporal changes in demand for service throughout the day. To address these limitations, this study draws upon recent developments in space–time measures of individual accessibility to explore the spatial and temporal structures of demand by considering individuals' space–time constraints and impact of existing urban structures. Based on a time‐geographic framework, eight space–time demand measures were developed and compared with three conventional location‐based demand measures for 12 hospitals through an empirical study conducted in Columbus, Ohio. The results show that geographic proximity between clients' home and facilities may not be an effective indicator for service demand, and conventional demand measures tend to underestimate potential demand for service in most situations. The study concludes that space–time demand measures that take into account people's activity‐travel patterns in space–time would lead to better estimation of demand for service in most cases.     

“九老仙都君印”钤印织物考释

近年钤有"九老仙都君印"的织物在江苏的明代墓葬中屡次发现。通过考证,可知此印文来源于茅山道教,名号指向道教教祖太上老君,同时道教认为该印具有诸般神力。以现有"九老仙都君印"钤印织物的发现情况来看,随葬此物是流行于明代中期常州地区的一种地域性葬俗,证明了当时茅山道教对于周边世俗丧葬习俗的影响力。     

居节生年考——兼谈几件传世居节和文徵明画作

居节是明代吴门的重要画家,文徵明高足,但明清画史却对其生平语焉不详,现代美术史亦是众说纷纭,且与部分居节传世作品所署年款相抵牾。本文通过目鉴和考证,认定几件传世的居节作品及与之相关联的文徵明作品中存在着作伪和改动等问题,从而厘清了居节生年与存世作品年代之间的矛盾,并与相关史料、文献相互印证,基本确认了居节的生卒年代。     

张掖西城驿遗址出土铜器的初步研究

甘肃张掖西城驿遗址出土金属遗物42件,包括工具、饰品等器物34件,铜块8件,年代为距今4000年至3600年。经SEM-EDS和金相检测分析,25件红铜,10件Cu-As,1件Cu-Sb,2件Cu-Sn,2件Cu-As-Sb,2件为白冰铜器物或铜块;在可明确观察组织的32件器物中,铸造13件,1件铸造后冷锻,8件热锻,10件热锻后冷锻。34件器物中铜锥20件,占58.9%,其中7件铸造,5件热锻,7件热锻后冷锻,1件铸造后冷锻。在合金种类、器物类型、加工技术上没有明确的对应关系。As、Bi、Sb、Pb、Ag(以金属或矿物形式存在)和Sn(以Sn O2形式存在)在大量红铜器物中存在的形态表明,古代工匠已尝试获取合金,但是由于还原气氛低下而难以获得。所有的检测表明,西城驿遗址的冶金已进入从红铜—砷铜合金到锡青铜的青铜时代早期阶段。     

民国初期河南文博事业概述

河南是文物大省,民国初期河南文博事业得到较快发展。本文主要从文物法规、文物调查与发掘、文物保存保护等方面简要概述了20世纪初河南文博事业发展的概况。     

峡江地区汉晋墓葬出土陶屋模型探析

峡江地区的陶屋模型与中原地区相比较,带有明显的中原文化特征。同时,干栏建筑和带有檐廊房屋模型的流行体现了这一地区陶屋模型的地域特色。峡江地区的陶屋模型是在东汉时期庄园经济流行的社会背景之下出现的,是在事死如事生的儒家孝悌思想和厚葬等丧葬观念的影响下,将陶屋等田宅庄园等作为墓主的墓主身份和财富的象征。     

略说洛神赋十三行

洛神赋十三行,亦称玉版十三行,中国书法之重要物证,为历代珍藏。自清末由内府流出,世间存碧、白玉版两本,真赝难识。