Tanūnapāt: Kalos,Philos, and the Vestiges of Trace

This essay probes the aniconic and iconic elements that pervade Indian visual culture and, more specifically, the aniconic impulse that has structured, for nearly two millennia, the cultivated indifference of Indian, especially Sanskrit, reflective traditions toward the plastic arts. Over the last hundred years, inquiries have concentrated largely on the historical and formal aspects of Indian temples, idols, and images. These attempts, however, are based entirely on the conceptual-theoretical frameworks of the Western tradition. By drawing on Sanskrit reflective traditions, I analyze the relations between symbol, icon, desire, and the body, in order to show the epistemic contrasts between the European and the Indian reflective traditions and their implications for differential modes of being.     

论志书主编的统揽作用

志书主编在志书编纂过程中具有统揽作用,主编的认知水平和工作能力决定志书的形成过程和质量。志书主编必须具有独立的思想和对整部志书的驾驭能力,从一开始就要介入编修工作的每个阶段,超前谋划,把编纂思路和修志意图贯穿到整部志书的编纂过程中。志书主编要切实履行职责,做编辑人员的主心骨,统一思想,提高认识,使每个编辑明白主编的工作思路和意图,以形成上下合力的一个有机整体,体现志书合二为一的编纂思想,确保志书行文规范的统一和志书的编修质量。     

Can conditional cash transfers promote delayed childbearing? Evidence from the ‘Second Honeymoon Package’ in rural Maharashtra,India

In 2007 the District Health Services in Satara District, Maharashtra, India, undertook an innovative programme, ‘the Second Honeymoon Package’ (SHP), which aimed to reduce the rate of population growth by offering conditional cash transfers (CCTs) to newly married couples who agreed to postpone their first birth by two or three years. The approach differed from India's traditional family planning programme, based mainly on female sterilisation, by promoting ‘non-terminal’ contraceptive methods, such as condoms and pills. The SHP ended prematurely in 2010 without being fully evaluated, leaving unanswered the question of its impact and potential for scale-up.

This paper addresses this question by investigating the perceptions and experiences women and couples who participated in the programme, as well as the views of local health staff. We use quantitative data from a 2010 survey of 1355 SHP participants, in which the third author was involved, and new qualitative data from a total of 26 programme staff and participants, collected by the first two authors in 2015. Participants’ perceptions of the programme indicate that the SHP had many positive attributes, despite some major challenges. We conclude with recommendations for improving and scaling up programmes of this kind in India and elsewhere.     

Enlightenment and reform: an overview of culture and politics in Enlightenment Italy

This essay analyses the influence of the work of Franco Venturi on Italian studies of the eighteenth century over the last fifty years. Venturi's ‘model’ has certainly been of fundamental importance in stimulating new research on the connections between Enlightenment and reform in the eighteenth-century Italian states and is still an essential point of reference for all research in the field. But the direction of eighteenth-century studies in Italy has been shaped also by the contributions of many other scholars. Starting in the 1970s Italian historians became increasingly interested in new questions that were being posed by historians in France and Britain, which contributed to a more general shift away from the biographical focus on individuals characteristic of much of Venturi's work in favour of more collective topics, new types of sources and new ways of interpreting them. This article describes the different themes around which relations between culture and politics in eighteenth-century Italy have been studied, from civil, military and ecclesiastical institutions to the administrative and reform elites, the world of salons and sociability, publishing, religious beliefs, gender differences and science.     

被动采样—离子色谱法对秦俑遗址环境腐蚀性气体的检测研究

本研究通过使用被动采样—离子色谱法对秦俑遗址环境中的酸碱性和氧化性气体进行检测,并与主动法检测结果进行对比,发现在较大的浓度范围和较长的采样时间内两种方法的总体结果具有一致性,且与主动法相比,被动法具有更高的空间分辨率,能反映区域范围污染物的分布情况。所以,一定条件下可以使用被动采样—离子色谱法替代主动法进行博物馆遗址环境腐蚀性气体的检测。     

Migration,mobility and changing power relations: aspirations and praxis of Bangladeshi migrants

This article, based on empirical research in two villages in Bangladesh, examines the ways in which migration is not a mere response to poverty and family survival, but becomes an instrument to interrogate the power of the traditional elite and contribute to social and status mobility in the local context. By focusing on four key inter-related dimensions of place, work, consumption and marriage, and on the hierarchies embedded within different migrant destinations, it points to the ways in which migration strategies are related to mobility strategies, and contributes to refiguring class and gender identities. Religion and the construction of a modern Islamic identity, bearing simultaneously elements of materiality and spirituality, serve as a crucial mediating force in this process, bridging the gap between aspirations and praxis.     

近代西北地区回民起义前后的人口变迁

本文探讨了 1 9世纪中后期 ,西北地区回民起义前后的人口变迁轨迹及其影响。这段历史印证了人口再生产必须与物质资料再生产相互适应 ,人类社会才能协调发展的马克思主义人口学的基本原理。从这一理论高度探讨近代西北的人口问题 ,有助于理解近代中国人口问题的全貌 ,有助于对现代人口问题的深入思考。