南京毗卢寺东出土的六朝时代瓷器和瓦当

南京毗卢寺东一个灰坑中一批瓷器、板瓦、筒瓦、绳纹砖和瓦当,对研究六朝都城的物质文化面貌具有一定价值。     

Population,progress, and peanuts

Population and development, more specifically on matters relating to family planning, contraceptives and abortion, have always been key issues at the UN. These were the challenges faced by the Member States of the UN during the General Assembly held in New York from June 30 to July 2, 1999. The 1999 session covered a wide range of questions, which reflected universal consensus on concerns including adolescent reproduction and sexual health, as well as gender-related issues. The special meeting lasted for 3 days of visionary hopes and politics for the future of the world, and also took into account the crucial issue of resources and fundraising. The 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo was the starting point for such an international understanding and consensus. In the years following 1994, the challenge to carry out lessons learned from the Cairo Conference and ICPD has now led to a final document, which guides nations across the globe on where to concentrate key future actions.     

The Two-Wood Bow

The invention of long-range weapons has played an important role in the evolution of human culture. The evolution of the bow in particular has held a central position in this process. A reconstruction of the steps by which the bow evolved is therefore of considerable interest. In this process the use of two separate types of wood, the invention of strong glues, the evolution of stiff ends, which act as levers, and the discovery of the mechanical characteristics of horn and sinew are key technical innovations. Previous research has often focussed on the evolution of the horn bow, or the composite bow as it also is called. On the other hand, the type of bow that is typical of northern Asia, the two-wood bow, has attracted little interest. This paper treats the evolution of the bow in Scandinavia, with focus on the two-wood bow. To put the two-wood bow in perspective, archaeological records and rock-carvings are analysed. This study highlights some new aspects of the early evolution of the bow, where the two-wood bow is, for the first time, assigned an important role. It is classified as a distinct type, which, moreover, formed an important stage in the evolution of the bow.     

La prose metrique de l'ancienne historiographie romaine

In this attempt at an overall interpretation of Hadrian's poem (Büchner fr. 3) the author discusses the meaning of vagula and blandida in 1. 1 and puts a comma after vagula. He assesses in particular the two most disputed lines of the poem, 3 and 4, taking quae as an exclamation and adding some reasons for combining loca with pallidula rigida nudula. As to the marked use of diminutives ‐ 5 in as many lines ‐ the author sees no reason for giving them a uniform emotional meaning, but argues for grouping them into three categories according to the semantic value of the primitive involved. He discusses also how to read 1. 5 syntactically. In the last part of the study the aim is to show in what particular sense the poem can be reasonably taken as a product of the emperor's pen on his very deathbed.     

AGGLOMERATION EXTERNALITIES,PRODUCTIVITY, AND TECHNICAL INEFFICIENCY*

ABSTRACT Agglomeration externalities can have positive effects on both the production possibility frontier and technical inefficiency of firms. Increased levels of localized knowledge spillovers and substitution of internal inputs with external inputs may lead to fewer errors in decision‐making and execution of production tasks, thus causing firms to become technically more efficient relative to the production frontier. When we estimate a stochastic frontier production model on a large panel of salmon aquaculture farms, we find econometric support for positive agglomeration externalities on both the production frontier and technical inefficiency.     

关于三青团成立的原始动机之三论——答杨焕鹏先生

蒋介石成立三青团的原始动机是为了"溶共".它与孙中山的"容共"在本质上不同,但与"反共"是一致的,只是手段不同.成立三青团,其倡导者不可能是陈立夫;其目的不可能是为了排斥汪派.汪派与汪精卫叛国集团是两个概念,周佛海不属汪派.复兴社、青白团成立于1932年,而不是1935年.     

‘NOBLESSE DE ROBE’ IN A CLASSLESS SOCIETY

This article deals with the effect of ownership and control of land on women's remarriages in early modern Western Norway. Marrying a tenant widow gave her new husband the right to tenure. On freeholder farms the eldest son, according to Norwegian odelsrett and åseterett, had the right to inherit the farm. When land-seeking youngsters obtained tenure by marrying tenant widows, these widows became highly attractive marriage partners, in contrast to widows of freeholder peasants where no secure position could be obtained for the new husband. Legal succession rights thus highly restricted the decisions of freeholder peasants' widows. Tenant widows had a wider range of choices closely linked to their control over land and land transfer. They were not mere passive marriage objects. In an open tenant land market widows could choose between running their farm by hired labour or with assistance from their children, they could remarry and thus acquire male labour in their household or they might benefit from giving up their tenure. Their decisions to a considerable degree influenced succession patterns on Norwegian tenant farms in the early modern period.