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Liz M. Zanchetta Marco Quattrone Rafael Aguilar Henrique Kahn Antonio C. V. Coelho Vanderley M. John 《International Journal of Architectural Heritage》2020,14(2):256-273
ABSTRACTThe microstructures of building materials from the archaeological complex of Huaca de la Luna on the northern coast of Peru is assessed for the first time by a multiscale approach. The multiscale microstructural characterization used laboratory techniques including optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray microtomography, and both gas and powder pycnometry. Optical microscopy revealed the presence of organic matter and shell fragments and X-ray microtomography showed differences in the sizes and connectivity of pores. The BET (N2 gas adsorption) specific surface areas showed greater presence of clayey matrix in the mortars. No significant differences among mortars and brick fragments mineralogy were detected by X-ray diffraction, so the larger amount of fine binding matrix in the mortars suggests that they were produced blending raw material with different grain sizes. The aim of this study is to provide data that can be used for a better understanding of the Moche culture, its construction techniques, and to support conservation strategies of the archaeological heritage. 相似文献
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Rafael Medoff 《Journal of Israeli History》2013,32(3):317-333
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Alfonso Benito-Calvo Jorge Martínez-Moreno Rafael Mora Miquel Roy Xavier Roda 《Journal of archaeological science》2011,38(12):3652-3661
The study of fabrics, that is, the analysis of the orientation and slope of archaeological and sedimentary materials associated with the Middle Palaeolithic/Upper Palaeolithic (MP/UP) transition at Cova Gran shows substantial differences. Archaeological assemblages are characterised by greater isotropy in the fabrics than the sedimentary levels within which they are located, indicating that these differences may be generated by anthropic processes. One of the anthropogenic processes associated with horizontal and vertical displacement of archaeological artefacts is trampling and circulation caused by later occupations. In order to evaluate the effect of movement on materials, we undertook experiments simulating geological and archaeological conditions at Cova Gran. The results show that human trampling does not cause major isotropy in fabrics, but arranges archaeological assemblages towards planar or linear materials according to surface geometry. We were not able to replicate the fabric pattern of materials from the archaeological levels of Cova Gran, suggesting that they must be associated with the activities of human occupation at each level. 相似文献
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Rafael Reuveny 《政策研究杂志》1999,27(4):668-671
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Fernando Molina‐Gonzlez Francisco Nocete‐Calvo Antonio Delgado‐Huertas Juan Antonio Cmara‐Serrano Rafael M. Martínez‐Snchez Sylvia Jimnez‐Brobil Mª. Teresa Miranda‐Len Jos Antonio Riquelme‐Cantal Liliana Spanedda Cristbal Prez‐Bareas Rafael Lizcano‐Prestel Jos Miguel Nieto‐Lin Trinidad Njera‐Colino Arsenio Granados‐Torres Francisco Carrin‐Mndez 《Oxford Journal of Archaeology》2019,38(2):189-213
A large sample of human bones from a series of archaeological sites in the south‐eastern Iberian Peninsula was selected for δ13C and δ15N stable isotope analysis. Except for some contrast samples, the remains date from the first half of the second millennium cal BC and are ascribed to the Argar Culture, which developed during the Bronze Age in south‐eastern Iberia. Most authors have considered that this region reached a high degree of social hierarchical organization at this time, as demonstrated by the funerary record, both with regard to the grave goods and to the evidence of physical effort and diseases on the human remains. Results of the isotope analysis revealed the existence of differences among the settlements studied, as well as differences over time within every settlement and among the various individuals tested. Some variances can be assigned to social classes/status and others are linked to chronological factors. In particular, changes in δ13C can be explained by the increasing aridity of the first half of the second millennium cal BC, although other causes can be put forward too. 相似文献