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81.
Ma Amparo Núñez Felipe Buill Joaquin Regot Andrés de Mesa 《Journal of archaeological science》2013,40(2):1289-1294
3D surveys of archaeological elements and the construction of virtual models enable us to reconstruct historical sites. They provide useful data to select specific building processes.Photogrammetry and Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) are the most common techniques to obtain synthetically heritage models. These techniques provide massive data which can only be managed by replacing them by primitive shapes, thereby obtaining more simple models and the explicit geometry of the element. Statistical and robust methods are used for this substitution, thereby avoiding the common errors due to measuring. Of these methods, the most widely used are the least-median-of-squares (LMedS) and the RANSAC method.Another computation method consists in recursive processes based on evolutive-type algorithms to adjust the model to the data captured.This paper describes two surface computation methodologies to determine the modelling of a column shaft located in temple G of the archaeological park of Selinunte (Sicily). 相似文献
82.
The marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus, Illiger, 1815) is the largest contemporary South American deer, and its habitat includes the floodplains and wetlands of eastern South America. Throughout the Holocene these deer were widely used by indigenous societies, from the southern banks of the Amazon River to the Río de la Plata River, and from the Andean foothills to the Atlantic Ocean. However, despite the enormous ecological and archaeological importance of this ungulate in the region, our knowledge of the isotopic values of their diet is almost nonexistent. This paper is the first systematic approach to the study of the isotopic values of this mammal's diet, using archaeological and present-day samples from interconnected watersheds of the Paraná and Uruguay rivers in east-central Argentina. The results obtained from 24 measurements indicate an average value of ?21.09 ± 1.46‰ in δ13C collagen, with a low coefficient of variation (6.92%). The data indicate a marked preference for consumption of plants with a C3 photosynthetic pathway. Most of the observed variability in the isotopic values corresponds to the period 900–1430 14C years BP, a time range during which the values show higher consumption of C4 plants. This it could be related with a period where temperature and associated humidity increased, synchronous in the area with the Medieval Climate Anomaly. 相似文献
83.
Adriana García Brian G. Jones Bryan E. Chenhalland Colin V. Murray-Wallace 《Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Paleontology》2013,37(4):507-518
The palaeobiota from a middle to late Holocene succession in Tom Thumbs Lagoon, N.S.W., Australia, reflects a range of environmental conditions caused by sea-level changes and active estuarine sedimentation. At the base of the succession (~ ?0.4 m AHD) a thin bed, containing molluscs dated at 6.7 ka B.P. by radiocarbon and amino acid racemisation, and foraminifers is indicative of open estuarine conditions. From +0.35 m AHD towards the top of the sequence the charophyte Lamprothamnium succinctum occurs in subrecent deposits. This species is characterised here by statistical measurements, and new characters are described and illustrated. The charophytes record a drop in sea level and the establishment of a lower salinity artificial wetland. The investigation has also established that decalcification in charophytes can be related to acidification produced by the release of organic acids, aggravated after 1928 by anthropogenic pollution. 相似文献
84.
85.
Pilar Luna Erreguerena 《Journal of Maritime Archaeology》2010,5(2):163-166
Mexico’s National Institute of Anthropology and History established an ethical program for the protection and research of
the country’s underwater cultural heritage (UCH). Its Vice-Directorate of Underwater Archaeology trains archaeology and conservation
students, participates in national and international initiatives regarding UCH, and develops multidisciplinary projects in
maritime and continental waters. During negotiation of the UNESCO Convention, the Latin American and Caribbean Group united
in a strong voice and contributed to its adoption in 2001; in 2006, Mexico ratified the Convention. This article highlights
Mexico’s adoption of the 2001 UNESCO Convention as a case study, to stimulate all countries to ratify the convention and to
cooperate in protecting the world’s UCH. 相似文献
86.
R. Alan Covey 《Journal of Archaeological Research》2008,16(3):287-338
During the Late Intermediate period (LIP, c. A.D. 1000–1400), the central Andes experienced the decline of the Wari and Tiwanaku
states, as well as processes of state formation, regional population growth, and competition culminating in the imperial expansion
of the Chimú and Inka polities. The LIP holds the potential to link the archaeological features of early Andean states with
the material signatures of the later ones, providing a critical means of contextualizing the intergenerational continuities
and breaks in state structures and imperial strategies. The recent proliferation of LIP research and the completion of a number
of regional studies permit the overview of six LIP regions and the comparison of highland and lowland patterns of political
and economic organization, social complexity, and group identity. 相似文献
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89.
Jennifer M. Miller Elizabeth A. Sawchuk Amy L. R. Reedman Pamela R. Willoughby 《African Archaeological Review》2018,35(3):347-378
Shell beads are well established in the archaeological record of sub-Saharan Africa and appear as early as 75,000 BP; however, most research has focused on ostrich eggshell (OES) and various marine mollusc species. Beads made from various land snails shells (LSS), frequently described as Achatina, also appear to be widespread. Yet tracking their appearance and distribution is difficult because LSS beads are often intentionally or unintentionally lumped with OES beads, there are no directly dated examples, and bead reporting in general is highly variable in the archaeological literature. Nevertheless, Achatina and other potential cases of LSS beads are present at over 80 archaeological sites in at least eight countries, spanning the early Holocene to recent past. Here, we collate published cases and report on several more. We also present a new case from Magubike Rockshelter in southern Tanzania with the first directly dated LSS beads, which we use to illustrate methods for identifying LSS as a raw material. Despite the long history of OES bead production on the continent and the abundance of land snails available throughout the Pleistocene, LSS beads appear only in the late Holocene and are almost exclusively found in Iron Age contexts. We consider possible explanations for the late adoption of land snails as a raw material for beadmaking within the larger context of environmental, economic, and social processes in Holocene Africa. By highlighting the existence of these artifacts, we hope to facilitate more in-depth research on the timing, production, and distribution of LSS beads in African prehistory. 相似文献
90.
Rachel Ama Asaa Engmann 《African Archaeological Review》2018,35(3):379-391
Professor James Kwesi Anquandah was Ghana’s first archaeologist. He was also the first Ghanaian to become head of the Archaeology Department at the University of Ghana, which was the first archaeology department in sub-Saharan Africa, established in 1951. Dedicating his life to Ghanaian archaeology, particularly during the difficult years in Ghana in the 1980s and early 1990s, Anquandah had a significant impact on the development of archaeology in Ghana. In addition to his research, advisory and curatorial work, Professor Anquandah was instrumental in the training of three generations of Ghanaian archaeologists. During the course of a professional career that spanned nearly six decades, Professor Anquandah made archaeology relevant and accessible to all Ghanaians. 相似文献