Elemental Characterization by EDXRF of Imperial Longquan Celadon Porcelain Excavated from Fengdongyan Kiln,Dayao County

A mass of Longquan porcelain shards carved with ‘Guan’ or the dragon patterns were unearthed in the early Ming Dynasty layer of the Fengdongyan kiln site at Dayao County. These celadon shards were fired in the Hongwu and Yongle eras of the Ming Dynasty. In order to research the raw materials and firing technology of the imperial porcelain, 85 typical shards were analysed by energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF). The results indicate that the contents of TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃ in the body vary in the Hongwu and Yongle eras. Compared with Longquan glazes in the Southern Song Dynasty, the average values of K₂O, Fe₂O₃ and TiO₂ are higher, but that of CaO is lower in early Ming imperial porcelain glazes. Principal components analysis (PCA) shows that different degrees of elutriation of the same raw materials are the main reason for this difference in the Hongwu and Yongle periods. However, the raw materials of imperial porcelain glazes show no obvious changes and have inherited the earlier tradition. The production and firing technology of imperial porcelain reached a higher level and had not declined in the Early Ming Dynasty.     

“The Old New-Intellectuals” in the May Fourth New Cultural Movement*

During the May Fourth New Cultural Movement, three debates on new/Western and old/Chinese cultures were respectively carried out between the journal New Youth and Lin Qinnan, Chen Duxiu and Du Yaquan, as well as Zhang Dongsun and Fu Sinian. New Youth, Chen Duxiu and Zhang Dongsun were regarded as the “new school,” whereas their opponents “the old new-intellectuals.” The difference between them lies in their attitudes towards traditions instead of their new or old knowledge. After three heated debates, New Youth won a total victory in big cities, because the so-called “urban youths” needed a radical cultural reform plan and a simple guide for action. On the contrary, “town youths” who lived in small cities and towns did not care about the attitudinal difference of two sides. They paid more attention to absorbing new knowledge from both sides and were more sympathetic to tradition.     

《天盛改旧新定律令》西夏文题名的汉文移译与成书年代

俄藏黑水城西夏文法律文献《■》中文标题:深受唐宋时期综合性王朝法典编纂体例与中文标题:层面嬗变的客观影响,基于唐末五代以来王朝法典因编纂体例改变一般以"刑法统类"或"条法"中文标题:的历史趋势与史实,结合西夏文语义学,其汉文中文标题:应移译为《重详定天盛刑统》。作者认为《天盛改旧新定律令》制定与任得敬擅权毫无关系,并以此为切入点,讨论了《天盛改旧新定律令》的年代学问题,认为《天盛改旧新定律令》于天盛初年(1150)在西夏旧律基础上修纂成书,乾祐后期又经重修,应不早于1183年,今日所见《重详定天盛刑统》当属后者。学界中文标题:《颁律表》的俄藏Инв.No.2570号西夏文文献应中文标题:为《进重详定天盛刑统表》。     

西夏语“头项”词义考

以往学界认为有关西夏汉文文献中的"头项"意为"头领、首领",也是西夏的一种军事组织,这一认识并不准确。传世汉文西夏文献中的"头项"乃是"头绪、种类"等义,而西夏文文献中的"头项"则是"事宜、事项"的意思,可以用作"同位语"。同一常用词在夏汉文本中词义的不对等,说明西夏语在词义衍生的思维模式层面与汉语是不一致的。     

南方地区古建筑木结构的整体性残损点指标研究

古建筑木结构的残损点指标是对古建筑木结构进行结构安全评估和加固修缮设计的重要指标,目前主要依据1992年制定的《古建筑木结构维护与加固技术规范》(GB 50165—92)中的规定,为了对该规范中的构架整体性残损点指标进行验证和补充,本研究通过对南方地区传统的穿斗木构体系和抬梁木构体系的典型榫卯节点和构架的试验研究,得出两种木构体系结构的整体性关键残损点指标,并与GB 50165—92规范进行比较分析。结果表明:规范规定的抬梁式木构架和穿斗式木构架的局部倾斜残损点比试验结果小,规范值偏于安全。规范中规定的抬梁式木构架梁柱榫卯连接残损点略小于试验结果,规范值偏于安全;而规范中规定的穿斗式木构架梁柱榫卯连接残损点对于燕尾榫穿斗木构而言是安全的,但对于透榫穿斗木构而言,则是不安全的。     

THE METOK ROAD OPEN TO TRAFFIC

Metok in Nyingchi Prefecture was the only county that did not have a road in the past. On October 31st, 2013, the Road to Metok was officially opened to the public. The opening of this road signified that now all counties in China can be accessed by road.     

中国现代方志学发展阶段探论(下)

“化大革命”结束之后,全国拨乱反正,各项工作逐步走向正轨,百业待兴,现代方志学事业亦逐渐复苏。继而幸逢中国现代化建设发展的大好机遇,全国兴起第二次新方志编修高潮,现代方志学在此阶段获得极大的发展。现代方志学在本阶段的发展,大致可分为以下几个时期     

"中国世界秩序"观之影响及其与中国古代边疆研究--费正清《中国世界秩序:中国传统的对外关系》读后

本文概述了费正清“中国世界秩序”观及其对西方中国近代史研究的影响,认为费氏的理论在中国边疆史地研究中也有着积极意义,特别是在中华民族共同意识和共同价值观的形成以及历代边疆的治理及中国疆域的确立等方面。     

马达汉新疆考察国际研讨会及野外考察述要

2006年8月20日至9月11日,由中国社会科学院中国边疆史地研究中心和芬兰赫尔辛基大学主办、新疆社会科学院协办的“马达汉新疆考察国际研讨会”,分别在芬兰赫尔辛基和中国新疆乌鲁木齐召开,中、芬学者于乌鲁木齐会议后联合赴南疆,沿着马达汉当年在南疆考察的主要线路进行了野外考察。整个会议和考察活动颇具新意和特点,双方感到收获颇丰。学者们不但对此次会议和考察给与了高度评价,而且对未来合作满怀期待。此就整个会议及考察情况综述、总结如下。一、会议及考察背景马达汉原名为Carl Gustav Mannerhei m,1867年出生在俄属芬兰大公国,为…     

百元债券百年纪——兼与《中华革命军第一票》作者商榷

中国革命政府债券是孙中山开展反清革命活动所印发的筹饷债券之一,其正背分别印有英文及法文,译文为:“中国革命政府约定付给持券人一百元。本政府在中国成立后一年,由广东政府官库或其海外代理机构支付。1906年1月1日,总理孙文(签名)。”所用纸张为白色水印纸,有法文SECURITAS(信用债票)的水印。1986年,柏文在台湾第十一期《泉坛》杂志上发表了《百元债券八十年纪》一文,对该项百元债券及两种加盖银票作了分析介绍。①转眼又过了二十年,就在纪念百元债券印行一百周年之际,笔者见到张小杰在2005年第一期《广东钱币》上发表的《中华革命…