Recognising values of China’s scenic and historic interest areas as world heritage cultural landscapes: Lushan case study

ABSTRACT

China’s Scenic and Historic Interest Areas are a major contributor to the State’s World Heritage lexicon. However, understanding of their values has led to confusion internationally and in China, not least with controversy over China’s latest promotion of the Natural Protected Areas System. This paper discusses values of China’s Scenic and Historic Interest Areas from the cultural landscape perspective through an in-depth case study of Lushan. A theoretical framework for recognising values of China’s Scenic and Historic Interest Areas has been set up and tested at Lushan, including exploring stakeholders’ understanding of its values as a world heritage site by using semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. The findings reveal that Lushan clearly represents cultural values inextricably associated with Scenic and Historic Interest Areas, and also need for supplementary advice on its Outstanding Universal Value (OUV). It suggests that the ideology driving management of China’s Scenic and Historic Interest Areas as national parks or natural parks focusing mainly on objective nature-related conservation without regard to the traditional Chinese philosophy of the culture-nature binary will adversely affect China’s Scenic and Historic Interest Areas as cultural landscapes and their community values.     

清末日本间谍成田安辉西藏潜行活动之考察

用的伎俩之一。其中,成田安辉(1864—1915)是20世纪初(1901年)由日本政府外务省派往西藏的第一个间谍,也是继河口慧海后进入西藏首府拉萨的第二个日本人。由于其入藏活动是在相当秘密的状态下进行的,加之出于各种考虑,成田安辉没有立即发表他的入藏报告,因此其西藏潜行活动亦不被大家所知。20世纪70年代初,随着其《进藏日志》①的发表,尤其是日本外务省档案材料公开以后,逐渐被世人所了解。但至今国内尚无专文发表,因此本文以日本外务省外交史料馆所藏资料《成田安辉西藏探险关系一件》②为主,再结合其他资料,拟就关于成田安辉的西藏潜行活…     

余庆毛氏清朝科举人物考

余庆毛氏入黔已有千年,有科举功名人物记载自清始,据各文献统计,有清一朝,有功名者达百余人,达到余庆县科举人物总数的三分之一以上.他们中为官者造福一方,居乡者为地方乡贤.本文对清朝毛氏取得科举功名人物的考察,至少说明余庆取得功名的毛氏有相当部分是土司后裔,余庆毛氏大批科举人物的出现,表明余庆土司对科举这种国家制度的充分认同.作为地方表率,这一群体维护了地方稳定,推动了地方经济文化发展.