三川土族人家的祭灶习俗

在我国民间,有在每年农历腊月二十三"祭灶"的习俗。所谓"祭灶",实际上就是历史上遗留下来的一种"送灶"、"辞灶活动",在民和三川地区,称之为"打发灶爷妮妮(奶奶)"。"祭灶"活动在我国民间来说是一项影响较大、历史悠久、涉及范围较广的风俗习惯。从古到今几乎每家每户的灶间都供奉有"灶王爷"的神像、灶马或者写有"东厨司命灶君之神位"的牌位,两边配有"上天言好事,下界保平安"的对联。至于这个"灶王爷"和腊月二十三的"祭灶"活动的来历众说纷纭。     

旅游地理学视角下第二居所旅居研究

后现代流动性范式下，旅游正经历从单一化的观光到多元化的生活方式转变，旅游与日常生活的界限逐步被打破。一种基于“休闲度假”与“居住生活”为一体的第二居所旅居现象方兴未艾，并因其独特的流动性特征及引发的新的“人-地”互动关系，引起学界的高度关注。本文在对国内外第二居所旅居发展历程进行梳理的基础上，以旅游地理学“人-地”关系为研究脉络，对第二居所旅居研究内容进行归纳，并总结出基于“人-地”关系的研究内容体系。对比国内外研究成果，发现我国现有研究对第二居所旅居引发的新的“人-地”关系关注相对较少，整体上还处于起步阶段。最后，基于旅游地理学的本质特征，按照人地关系理论的“要素与结构-特性与演化-作用与机制-协调与优化”的研究主线，对未来第二居所旅居研究提出展望，以期形成具有旅游地理学特色的第二居所旅居研究的理论体系。     

Chemical analysis of white porcelains from the Ding Kiln site, Hebei Province, China

The Ding kilns were some of the most famous early kilns of medieval China, producing huge quantities of white and cream-white porcelains of outstanding technical and aesthetic quality. Since 1949 they have been excavated three times, in 1965, in 1987, and in 2009 respectively. In this latest study 69 white porcelain sherds from assured contexts and from the 2009 excavations were analyzed using laser ablation techniques (ICP-AES). The samples date from Five Dynasties, Northern Song and Jin Dynasties respectively (early 10^th to early 13^th C CE). The results show that Ding wares of different times show different characteristics that can be demonstrated through chemical composition. During the early phase of production the Ding ware bodies consisted largely of high firing kaolinitic clays with predominantly calcareous materials as fluxes. After the early Northern Song Dynasty, some calcareous material was replaced by a more potassic material. The compositions of the glazes show a parallel evolution to the bodies. However, because the glazes are very low in titania it seems unlikely that the main clay ingredients of the bodies could have been used in the glaze recipes. For much of the kiln site’s history the glazes appear to have been made mainly from the same siliceous flux-rich materials that had been blended with the main body-clays used to make the Ding ware porcelains, plus some extra calcareous material. The P₂O₅ contents of the glazes suggest that wood ash may have been one source of CaO in the glaze recipes.     

三晋古玺考释两则

<玺汇>0303著录一方古玺(图一): 该玺"县"作"?",为典型的战国晋系文字.其中,"?"字<玺汇>阙释.李家浩虽然释为"妾",但在后面加了一个问号,看来李先生对这样的释读是不敢确定的.其实,"妾"字见于古文字资料,作?(<侯马>198;10)、?(<玺汇>5491)等形,<说文>:"妾……从辛,从女."对照其它材料,我们不难发现,玺印"?"字上部明显不从辛,释为"妾"的确是有问题的.     

浅谈如何提高党报的舆论引导能力

新时期,党中央对新闻舆论宣传工作提出了新的更高的要求,作为地方党报在坚持正确舆论导向的前提下,讲求宣传艺术,努力创新报道内容和报道形式,从而不断发挥出主流媒体的舆论引导作用。     

东北地区出土元代瓷器初探

本文空间上是以现在的东北(辽宁省、吉林省、黑龙江省)行政区划为界定标准,时间上是从忽必烈正式定国号为元开始到元朝灭亡,即公元1271年--1368年.以东北地区出土的元代瓷器为主要研究对象,并参照公开发表的博物馆藏品,初步探讨元代东北输入瓷器的类型,构拟瓷器流通、传布的路线.这对于揭示元时期内地与东北地区之间的经济与文化交流具有重要的学术意义.     

考古学如何走近公众——读《最早的中国》

<正>近年来,考古学与公众的关系成为考古学家们热议的话题,越来越多的考古学家开始意识到"考古学知识的普及与文化的寻根正在变得更加重要"①,而且认为"考古学家在普及教育中有着义不容辞的责任"②。但是,考古学是一门专业性很强的学科,加上学科传统、研究重点以及理论方法的     

Consilience of genetics and archaeobotany in the entangled history of rice

Major leaps forward in understanding rice both in genetics and archaeology have taken place in the past decade or so—with the publication of full draft genomes for indica and japonica rice, on the one hand, and with the spread of systematic flotation and increased recovery of archaeological spikelet bases and other rice remains on early sites in China, India and Southeast Asia. This paper will sketch a framework that coherently integrates the evidence from these burgeoning fields. This framework implies a reticulate framework in the phylogeny of early cultivated rice, with multiple starts of cultivation (two is perhaps not enough) but with the key consolidations of adaptations that must have been spread through hybridisation and therefore long-distance cultural contacts. Archaeobotanical evidence allows us to document the gradual evolutionary process of domestication through rice spikelet bases and grain size change. Separate trends in grain size change can be identified in India and China. The earliest centre of rice domestication was in the Yangtze basin of China, but a largely separate trajectory into rice cultivation can be traced in the Ganges plains of India. Intriguingly, contact-induced hybridisation is indicated for the early development of indica in northern India, ca. 2000 BC. An updated synthesis of the interwoven patterns of the spread of various rice varieties throughout Asia and to Madagascar can be suggested in which rice reached most of its historical range of important cultivation by the Iron Age.     

文物无酸纸质囊盒制作

为探讨博物馆文物保存方法,做好文物保管工作,进行了无酸纸板对文物保存环境的调节与改善的研究,采用现代纸板打样机床制作文物无酸纸质囊盒的方法,结合文物保管技术要求,总结出纸质囊盒制作工艺流程,为促进文物小环境改善及文物防腐包装提供了经验和思路。     

Tree-ring based temperature reconstruction for the west Qinling Mountains (China): linkages to the High Asia,solar activity and Pacific-Atlantic Ocean

We developed a Faxon fir (Abies faxoniana) tree-ring width chronology at the timberline in the western Qinling Mountains, China. Herein February–July mean temperature was reconstructed for Zhouqu in the western Qinling Mountains back to AD 1650 based on the standard chronology. The climate/tree-growth model accounts for 43.5% of the instrumental temperature variance during the period 1972–2006. Spatial correlation analyses with the gridded temperature data shows that the temperature reconstruction captures regional climatic variations over central and southeast China, and strong teleconnections with the nearby High Asia. There is a good agreement with cold and warm periods previously estimated from tree-rings in Nepal, India and southwest China. The temperature re-construction indicates that there was pronounced cooling in Zhouqu during the Maunder Minimum (late 1600s to early 1700s). The cold period (1813–1827) of the temperature reconstruction coincide with the volcanic eruptions. Significant spectral peaks are found at 56.9, 22.3, 11.4, 2.9, 2.8, 2.6, 2.2 and 2.0 years. The spatial correlation patterns between our temperature reconstruction and SSTs of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans suggest a connection between regional temperature variations and the atmospheric circulations. It is thus revealed that the chronology has enough potential to reconstruct the climatic variability further into the past.