明代勋卫与散骑舍人的制度特性

明代的勋卫与散骑舍人是宫廷侍卫中的特殊成员。明初,勋卫、散骑舍人均从勋贵、都督、指挥等中高级将领的子弟中选任,并铨注于锦衣卫衙门,职在带刀随从帝王朝会。明中期之后,散骑舍人渐不授,而勋卫演变为勋爵应袭子孙例授之职,与勋爵承袭制度密切相关。至嘉靖、隆庆之际,朝廷尝试扩展部分勋卫的职权,但总体成效不显。勋卫、散骑舍人制度是明代多种国家制度的结合点,体现了明代军政体制中的贵族特征。     

《藏行纪程》所载滇藏交通研究

《藏行纪程》详细记载了康熙末年杜昌丁自云南昆明至西藏洛隆宗的往返行程,是《三省入藏程站记》、《西藏通览》、《西藏新志》、《西藏志》等书滇藏交通部分的直接或间接资料来源,是研究清代滇藏交通的珍贵史料。文章通过对道路沿线地名的考证和梳理后发现该书多处地名顺序有误;该道路只在康熙末年及雍正年间用兵西藏时设过台站,其间屡设屡撤,云南的驿道也未延伸至西藏,称其为滇藏驿道并不恰当;与之相比,《藏纪概》所载滇藏台站更加准确和权威。     

百年来中国对韩国史学史研究的回顾与展望北大核心CSSCI

20世纪初,随着朝鲜汉籍陆续进入中国学术视野,中韩史学比较研究陆续展开,孟森、吴晗等史家作出了重要贡献。从1949年到1992年中韩建交前,中国大陆学界对韩国史学的关注较少,中国台湾出版了一批韩国史学史研究成果,延续和拓展了相关领域。1992年中韩建交对于中国韩国学的发展有至关重要的作用,在韩国史学史、中韩史学交流与比较等领域都有一批学术成果问世。回顾百余年来韩国史学史研究的历程,中国学术界的研究成果呈现如下特点:论文较多,专著较少;专题性、叙述性的评介较多,全面系统的论述较少;对韩国汉文史籍的关注较多,非汉文韩国史籍甚少;自说自话的论著较多,与韩国学术界的对话较少。针对这些问题,还需做更全面的努力,以推动韩国史学史研究。     

A Discussion on the Emergence and Development of Ancient Chinese Artificial Barium Copper Silicate Pigments from Simulation Experiments

The ancient Chinese barium copper silicate minerals mainly comprise Chinese purple (BaCuSi₂O₆) and Chinese blue (BaCuSi₄O₁₀), which were widely used from the late Warring States Period to the late Eastern Han Dynasty. In order to clarify the raw material of the pigment, a series of simulation experiments was conducted to produce Chinese purple pigment under varying mineral conditions. The minerals that we applied in the experiment were quartz as the source of silicon, malachite and copper oxide as the sources of copper, barite and witherite as the sources of barium and lead oxide as the source of lead. Simulation experiments showed that the barium copper silicate minerals and the purple pigment can be produced easily when witherite is used as the barium‐containing raw material. From the perspective of mineral resources, the birth of the ancient Chinese pigment associated with a unique barium mineral resource. The Chinese copper‐based pigments are assumed to have been developed independently and are presumably an outcome of historical developments in glazing techniques.     

“Our Girls Have Grown Up in the Family”: educating German and Chinese girls in the nineteenth century

In this article, we examine and compare historical changes in girls’ home-based education in nineteenth-century Germany and China. In many ways, girls’ home-based education in these two historical contexts exhibited differences, including the relationship between formal schooling and home education, and the role that new genres played in shifting tradition and structuring girlhood. However, we argue that more commonalities between the German and Chinese cases emerge. By analyzing the relation between talent and virtue, the writing of exemplary lives, and family dynamics, we see that in both cases the home was the critical site for valorizing and reproducing the class-bounded ideology of domesticity and identification for girls as home-based education constituted the means by which knowledge, morality, and practical skills were produced and transmitted from generation to generation.     

西藏传统建筑 高原上的创造力

藏族人民在漫长的营造实践活动中崇尚自然,适应自然,利用环境因素,因地制宜,就地取材,发明和积累了十分宝贵的建造技术和建筑经验,并为其注入了浓厚的宗教理念,形成了自己独特的建筑形式和建筑文化,并与严酷的环境和谐共存。西藏传统建筑雄浑与沧桑相伴古朴与科学共存,粗犷与华美相衬,技术与艺术同辉代表了中国历史上一个特定阶段传统建筑的构造特点,是罕贵、古老的民族建筑活化石。     

故宫太和殿木构件现状分析及加固方法研究

为加强对古建筑的维修保护,故宫博物院对太和殿进行了勘查,发现如下木构件问题:西山挑檐檩跨中挠度过大;三次间正身顺梁及山面扶柁木榫头位置下沉10cm;明间藻井下垂13cm,井口爬梁已经开裂.通过运用结构力学相关方法,对这些构件的结构现状进行理论分析,研究了问题产生的原因,讨论了相应的加固方案,解决了这些问题.结果表明:西山挑檐檩虽然挠度较大,但强度满足要求,不需要加固;山面扶柁木榫头下沉的原因是局部受弯强度不足,但已通过支顶解决该问题;正身顺梁榫头下沉的可能原因是材料老化,局部受拉、弯、剪强度不足,通过采用钢木组合结构进行了加固;藻井下沉的原因是木材老化,井口爬梁抗弯及抗压承载力不足,通过采用扁钢箍加固的方法进行了加固.研究结果可为古建筑保护及修缮提供参考.     

毛泽东处理“富田事变”的教训

20世纪30年代,江西中央苏区所发生的“富田事变”与毛泽东之间有着复杂的关系。事变后毛泽东对其本人在处理富田事变中所犯的“左”倾错误不断反思并汲取了深刻的教训。在随后的革命岁月里,他不断深刻总结我党历史上处理解决党内矛盾的思想根源,最终形成了解决党内矛盾和人民内部矛盾的“弄清思想、团结同志”的原则和“团结——批评——团结”的方法。这些原则和方法,对于我们今天构建社会主义和谐社会都有着极为深刻的现实意义。     

《中国现代方志学》序

北京市社科院副院长陆奇邀我为他主编的《中国现代方志学》作序,不由令我想起我与此书的一段渊源。2002年下半年,陆奇等同志盛情邀我商谈,要以中国地方志指导小组办公室、北京市社科院、北京市地方志学会三家的名义,共同组织编写《中国现代方志学》(以下简称《方志学》),并让我     

高句丽法律问题研究

本文以典籍中的一些记载和有关史实为依据,对高旬丽的法律内容作出概括、论证。揭示了高旬丽法律和司法的特征：渊源的多元性、内容的原始性、实施的残酷性。