RED CHEEKS IN TIBET REDUCED

Editor＇s Note： According to modern science, sunlight has a series of effects while it irradiates human skin and sequentially makes the human body stronger and healthier. Basking in sunlight is a common lifestyle for people living in western countries and has gradually formed a sunbathing culture amongst people in the west. Nevertheless, the special geographical environment and too much strong ultraviolet radiation in Tibet makes sun-bathers very susceptible to sun-burnt skin if they bask too long under sunlight of Tibet.     

文物无酸纸质囊盒制作

为探讨博物馆文物保存方法,做好文物保管工作,进行了无酸纸板对文物保存环境的调节与改善的研究,采用现代纸板打样机床制作文物无酸纸质囊盒的方法,结合文物保管技术要求,总结出纸质囊盒制作工艺流程,为促进文物小环境改善及文物防腐包装提供了经验和思路。     

湖州铁佛寺铁观音病害调查与分析

湖州铁佛寺内留存的宋代铁观音目前出现严重的病害,主要表现为粉化、脱落、鼓泡、锈蚀等症状,对其保护已刻不容缓。为此,通过X-荧光(XRF)、金相、红外(FTIR)、拉曼(LRS)、X衍射(XRD)对其进行分析。结果表明,铁观音基体组成为铁素体基灰铸铁,基体表面化学组成大约是:铁96.85%,硅0.47%,铜0.45%,硫0.096%,余量约3%应为碳;表层涂层为醇酸树脂,腻子为石膏,锈蚀物的主要成分主要为α,β和γ型的FeOOH。其病害原因为铁观音基体内部组成、大气环境、有害气体以及表面涂层老化对其腐蚀的影响。研究结果可为以后保护方案的制定提供参考。     

Moving agriculture onto the Tibetan plateau: the archaeobotanical evidence

The Tibetan Plateau has one of the least hospitable environments for agriculture on the planet; however, its inhabitants have developed an economic system based on agriculture and pastoralism suited to it’s geoenvironmental stressors. Little is known about the timing of the spread of agriculture onto the plateau or how agricultural systems were adapted to this environment. In this article, we present palaeoethnobotanical data from two sites, Changdu Karuo (c. 2700–2300 cal B.C.) and Kyung-lung Mesa (A.D. 220–334 and A.D. 694–880). In addition, we synthesize previously reported data (much of which has never been published in peer-reviewed journals). We argue that the earliest agriculture was based on millets (broomcorn and foxtail) and was accompanied by a pig-based economic system. This early economy, which likely originated in western China, was later replaced by a better adapted system, similar to those identified in Central Asia. The later system was based on crops such as wheat, barley, peas, and millets, as well as sheep and goat pastoralism. Wild resources obtained through hunting, fishing, and foraging appear to have been complements to the diet on the Tibetan Plateau.     

滕州前掌大墓地“于屯”村IIIM308出土铜器的科学分析

“于屯”村北墓区为前掌大“史”氏族团“分裂”而来的“鸟”氏支族墓区,其中IIIM308和IIIM309为“鸟”氏支族具有特殊身份的高级贵族夫妻异穴并葬墓。本文对IIIM308出土8件铜礼器进行材质分析及制作工艺考察,8件铜礼器的材质以铅锡青铜为主,皆为浑铸成型,采用了金属垫片、加强筋等工艺措施来保证铸造质量。9件“鸟”字铭文铜器,“鸟”字铭文形状可分为两组,可能系两个不同铸造作坊或前后两批次铸造。     

The development of party rule in the judiciary: personnel changes and political transformation of the Nanjing government’s judicial center, 1927–1937

After the establishment of the Nanjing Nationalist government in 1927, the Guomindang (GMD) gradually founded a national regime and started to implement the principle of “governing the nation by the party.” But the party-rule was not implemented immediately and effectively. In the early years of the Nationalist government, its judicial branch mostly hired former Beiyang judicial officials, who generally pursued the ideals of judicial independence and politics transcending party lines, ideals established in the Beiyang period. In 1932, when Ju Zheng became the president of the Judicial Yuan, founding members of the GMD began to replace the Beiyang officials in the judicial center. This personnel change was completed around 1935. Meanwhile, due to national crisis and the GMD’s concern that the judicial status quo did not meet its political needs, the GMD began to emphasize the political nature of the judiciary and to advocate the party-ization of the judiciary. Consequently, eight years after the founding of the Nanjing Nationalist government, GMD party members began to obtain de facto control of the judicial center, symbolizing the completion of the shift from Beiyang judicial practices to GMD party-rule in the judiciary. Nevertheless, during the following years, the GMD failed to penetrate, dominate, and integrate the middle and lower levels of the judicial system, where the judicial ideals and personnel structures still strongly retained their Beiyang legacy.     

Tree-ring based temperature reconstruction for the west Qinling Mountains (China): linkages to the High Asia,solar activity and Pacific-Atlantic Ocean

We developed a Faxon fir (Abies faxoniana) tree-ring width chronology at the timberline in the western Qinling Mountains, China. Herein February–July mean temperature was reconstructed for Zhouqu in the western Qinling Mountains back to AD 1650 based on the standard chronology. The climate/tree-growth model accounts for 43.5% of the instrumental temperature variance during the period 1972–2006. Spatial correlation analyses with the gridded temperature data shows that the temperature reconstruction captures regional climatic variations over central and southeast China, and strong teleconnections with the nearby High Asia. There is a good agreement with cold and warm periods previously estimated from tree-rings in Nepal, India and southwest China. The temperature re-construction indicates that there was pronounced cooling in Zhouqu during the Maunder Minimum (late 1600s to early 1700s). The cold period (1813–1827) of the temperature reconstruction coincide with the volcanic eruptions. Significant spectral peaks are found at 56.9, 22.3, 11.4, 2.9, 2.8, 2.6, 2.2 and 2.0 years. The spatial correlation patterns between our temperature reconstruction and SSTs of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans suggest a connection between regional temperature variations and the atmospheric circulations. It is thus revealed that the chronology has enough potential to reconstruct the climatic variability further into the past.     

国史研究与地方志的编纂

国史研究与新编地方志关系紧密,了解国史研究的发展态势和研究取向,对于地方志编纂的理论和实践都具有启发和借鉴意义。“眼光向下”、科际整合、口述资料的搜集与整理是当代社会史研究的基本范式,也是提升地方志品质不可或缺的编纂理念。     

张议潮史迹新探

大中二年张议潮充分利用了吐蕃王廷内乱以及河陇地区边将混战、各族百姓思归唐朝的形势,率众起义归唐.张议潮等沙州起义骨干人员都是原吐蕃政权中的敦煌本土出身的官员,他们与政治主张相同的吐蕃鄯州节度使尚婢婢结成同盟,联手抗击不得人心的论恐热,驱逐其在瓜、沙、肃、甘等地的统治势力,收复了沙、瓜、肃、甘、伊等州,并遣使将包括尚婢婢部将控制地区在内的河、湟十一州图籍进献唐廷,建立起归义军政权.随后张议潮又在尚婢婢部众的协助下收复凉州,并向唐廷奏报婢婢部将拓拔怀光等击败论恐热,进献战利品的消息.此后归义军政权一直与尚婢婢部众及其后代保持着友好关系.     

提高转变经济发展方式的能力

加快转变经济发展方式,是我党探索社会主义建设规律取得的重大成果,是深入贯彻落实科学发展观的重要目标和战略举措,关系到改革开放和社会主义现代化建设全局,对党的执政能力建设和先进性建设提出了新的要求。为此,要认真学习贯彻十七届五中全会精神,适应新形势新任务的要求,努力提高转变经济发展方式的能力。