我国个体和私营经济法律地位的历史演变

党和国家对个体私营经济法律地位的认识及保护,有一个不断发展并逐渐深化的过程。在经历了1949～1954年有限发展、1956～1978年几乎绝迹的时期后,自改革开放以来,我国经济体制发生了很大变化,个体和私营经济相应地也迎来了1978～1992年大力发展的时期和1992～2003年蓬勃发展的时期,其法律地位也发生了巨大的变化。     

清宫通景线法画探析

西洋技法的介入对清代宫廷绘画的影响是十分明显的,体现在多种形式的艺术作品中,其中用以装饰宫室的贴落因为融入了西方透视画的因素而形成了视觉效果独特的通景线法画。本文力图通过追述透视画法在欧洲的传统以及流传至中国的背景,进而整理出清宫通景线法画出现及发展的脉络,并进一步探讨通景线法画所具有的审美价值和历史意义。     

磁州窑陶瓷雕塑艺术品浅谈

磁州窑是我国北方著名的民间瓷窑,其产品几乎涵盖了生活器具、陈设赏玩、宗教偶像和建筑装饰等所有品类。本文从陶瓷雕塑艺术的角度出发,选取部分出土于磁州窑址或馆藏的保存较好、价值较高的作品,从其造型艺术、装饰技法、施釉敷彩等方面分类作一综述和介绍。     

简析梅西安音乐创作及其代表作《异国鸟》

梅西安作为引领20世纪法国音乐的先锋音乐创作家、演奏家,他一生致力于研究与众不同的钢琴演奏音响,虔诚地追寻着大自然中最真实、最自然的音乐,并用鸟鸣谱记录下来,其代表作〈异国鸟〉向我们展示了生机勃勃的大自然景象.     

西汉“未央宫”宫名含义小考

未央宫是西汉乃至中国古代最有名的宫殿之一。但对于未央宫为何取名"未央",文献上却没有任何说明。本文试图通过对有关传世汉代文献、出土文献的梳理以及对汉代风俗观念的考察,对此进行初步的探讨。     

壁画酥碱病害研究概述

酥碱病害是壁画最为严重的病害之一,被称为壁画的“癌症”。因其受诸多因素的影响,使得病害产生机理复杂、修复材料匮乏和修复方法难度大等问题,严重制约着酥碱病害的修复与防治。本文系统梳理酥碱病害的成因、病害机理、加固材料、地仗修补材料,以及针对不同盐霜的保护修复方法的研究成果,客观评价酥碱壁画修复过程中的经验和教训,为古代壁画酥碱病害的防治与修复提供系统的技术参考和实践借鉴。     

Adaptation in cultural industry under conservation pressure: case study of two Chinese embroidery clusters

Abstract

In this study, we explore how tension between ‘culture’ and ‘industry’ can be effectively dealt with in promoting cultural industry, taking the Chinese embroidery sector as an example. The diverging performance of two leading centers of Chinese embroidery production suggests that local adaptive and networking capabilities are essential in creating a new path out of the tension, and these capabilities are largely determined by local openness/flexibility, entrepreneurship, and linkage capacity. In Changsha, cultural conservatism prevails, and the local embroidery sector largely maintains traditional product styles and target customers, sticking to the historic path. It is in question, however, whether such a strong bias toward the high-culture segment of the industry is good for cultural heritage protection in the long run, given that the industry at standstill has faced increasing challenges in sustaining a solid local pool of skilled labor. In contrast, Suzhou’s local embroidery sector has actively responded to the changing market environment, through increased product segmentation and customization as well as intra/cross-industry collaboration. Such a flexible, scale-up strategy has helped the industry attract local talent and meet the market demand, while maintaining space for high-end artistic products.     

CONSUMING THE TOURIST GAZE: IMAGINATIVE GEOGRAPHIES AND THE REPRODUCTION OF SEXUALITY IN LUGU LAKE

Imaginative geographies engage with the understanding and experiencing of place and place‐based social and cultural specificities through a process of re‐creation and reproduction. In this article, we explore the imaginative geographies of Lugu Lake, a tourist destination in China's Yunnan Province, and of the Mosuo people, the local minority which practices a unique marriage system. We investigate how Mosuo society has been imagined in popular discourses and representations through two cultural labels: matriarchy and free sex. We also discuss how the imaginative geographies of Lugu Lake have restructured the encounters between the local people, especially the young men, and the incoming tourists in the context of tourism development. We interrogate the complex processes of identity formation in which both the tourists and the indigenous people renegotiate and reconstruct their cultural identities within various inside–outside connections and interactions. Our central argument is that the sex encounters between tourists and the local Mosuo are conditioned by popular imaginative geographies of the sexual practices of the Mosuo. But the encounter in tourism between the gazer and the gazed also accommodates complex identity formations and the renegotiation of social relations. The empirical observations are twofold: first, the locality of Lugu Lake has been reproduced with folk and tourist imaginative geographies into an erotic frontier of free sex; second, we also argue that the geographical imagination in this case is a reciprocal process which involves the local Mosuo's renegotiation of place‐based identity, in a pursuit of imagined progress and modernity.     

Early history of Chinese domestic sheep indicated by ancient DNA analysis of Bronze Age individuals

China has a long history of sheep husbandry, and has several indigenous sheep breeds. However, the exact geographic origin of Chinese domestic sheep remains unclear. To provide valuable genetic information for origin of Chinese domestic sheep, we performed an ancient DNA study on 22 sheep excavated from four Bronze Age archaeological sites in Northern China. Two lineages (A and B) were observed in ancient Chinese sheep, of which lineage A was predominant reaching a frequency of 95.5%. Furthermore, phylogenetic network showed that the most frequent haplotype in ancient sheep was the founder of lineage A. These results suggest that Lineage A may hold the key to understanding the origin of Chinese domestic sheep. Sequence sharing and principal component analysis showed that the ancient Chinese sheep had a close affinity to modern Chinese sheep. However, there was no significant breed structure among three modern Chinese sheep groups, making it difficult to determine their relationship to ancient Chinese sheep. Lastly, our results imply that ancient DNA analysis could provide a new way to investigate prehistoric East-West contact.     

Fast Nonlinear Analysis of Traditional Chinese Timber-Frame Building with Dou-Gon

ABSTRACT

This article presents a study of the applicability of fast nonlinear analytical (FNA) models in predicting the global response of Chinese traditional timber-frame building with Dou-Gon under seismic excitation. Efforts are made to overcome challenges in establishing simplified calculation models, and the corresponding dynamic equations are derived considering the mechanical behavior of sliding column root, mortise-tenon joint and Dou-Gon (bracket sets). Furthermore, nonlinear time-history analysis is conducted under different seismic excitations. Through a verification study, a good correspondence is obtained with previous shake-table test results. Seismic response analysis is also conducted to investigate the energy dissipation of column root sliding, mortise-tenon joint, and Dou-Gon. Subsequently, peak responses of column root and roof under increased values of peak ground acceleration (PGA) are also analyzed. And then, seismic isolation ability and damping characteristics of the model are discussed.