战争话语下的草根文化——论抗战时期山西革命根据地的民间小戏

民间小戏,作为草根文化的代表,其产生、发展、兴盛与乡村社会有着直接而紧密的联系,较真实地反映了社会生活的多元图景。抗战爆发后,政治的强大力量渗透到乡村社会,对乡村戏剧的改造就是其中之一。处于战争话语下的民间小戏在结构和内容方面都随之发生了深刻变化,娱乐功能的主导地位被政治教化功能所取代。政治开始以一种前所未有的方式介入到民间文艺中,融入到乡村生活中。本文以抗战时期山西革命根据地的民间小戏为考察对象,分析了战争话语下草根文化在内容、形式和功能方面的转变及其与政治在乡村社会的结合。     

穿越开罗千年老城

作为“世界之母”的开罗吸引着大批的外国人。19世纪和20世纪初,欧美各国的人把这里当作气候温和的冬季运动场。现在海湾地区的阿拉伯人为了远离沙特阿拉伯和科威特的炎热,每年夏天都到这里避暑。对于他们来说,开罗是阿拉伯的好莱坞和“大苹果城” (美国纽约市的绰号)。     

知识不确定性条件下的学科组织结构变革——读沃勒斯坦《知识的不确定性》

现如今,“不确定性”开始成为学术界的一个热门话题。学术界对非确定性表现出浓厚的兴趣,这一方面反映了我们对自身生存状况所做的新的理解和把握,另一方面也反映了我们对知识问题进行了更为深人的反思。美国社会学家、历史学家和政治学家伊曼纽尔&;#183;沃勒斯坦的《知识的不确定性》（山东大学出版社2006年版）一书就属于后一种类型。该书从学科组织结构发展的角度出发,通过对知识活动的哲学前提和知识结构社会背景的深人考察,向我们展现了自然科学、人文学科、社会科学相互间错综复杂的关系,以及学科组织发展的前景。     

An inquiry into the causes for the multiple goals of the United States Antitrust Law from a historical perspective

It is not the case as Robert Bork claims that the U. S. antitrust law had only one goal—maximization of consumer welfare of efficiency—at the very beginning and should have been kept that way for its later development. Partly because of the fighting among different interest groups as well as spokesmen of different regions at the 51st Congress, the Sherman Antitrust Act came out as a legislation with multiple goals, which were also taking shape under the influence of the Republican idea of balance of power, the liberal belief in property rights, the freedom of contract of classic economics, and the price theory of neoclassic economics. In more than a hundred years after that, the U.S. antitrust law has shifted the center of its goals as a result of the change of regulatory regimes with different emphases such as market function, economic stabilization, social concern, and economic efficiency during different periods. From a historical perspective, it is beyond dispute that the U.S. antitrust law has had multiple goals instead of only one. __________ Translated from: Shixue Yuekan 史学月刊 (Journal of Historical Science), No.6, 2004     

非自然景观在旅游规划实作中的运用--以"老重庆"为例

本文总结了我国近几年旅游规划在实际操作中的利弊得失,指出要给游客留下深刻印象首先就要做到突出地方精神和地方特色,在阐释非自然景观含义的基础上本文得出结论：非自然景观正是表现这种地方精神的最佳载体,接着本文分析了如何在旅游规划实作中正确运用非自然景观因素表现地方精神以及这种运用所带来的巨大吸引力,最后以重庆市大渡口区“老重庆”城旅游规划为例,从调查分析中总结出重庆的地方精神在于其非自然景观要素,在此基础上从主题营造、特色分区和景观设计三方面集中探讨了非自然景观在旅游规划实作中的具体操作。     

上古授时仪式与仪式韵文——论《夏小正》的性质、时代及演变

《史记·夏本纪》云:"孔子正夏时,学者多传《夏小正》".秦汉以至清代,学者大多认为《夏小正》记"夏时",为夏代之作.     

Lifetime interprovincial migration in Canada: looking beyond short-run fluctuations

This article studies the lifetime interprovincial migration of the Canada-born elderly (aged 60 and over), based on the data of the 1996 population census. The outcomes of the lifetime migration are found to be highly consistent with the human capital investment theory: there were substantial net transfers of migrants from the 'have not' provinces to the 'have' provinces, and the migrants moving in the 'right' direction, on average, achieved long-term income improvements. However, the long-term income improvements attributable to lifetime migration, both directly and indirectly via educational improvement, were in general not large enough to compensate for the disadvantages of being born in the 'have not' provinces and to francophone parents. The lifetime migration is also found to be highly selective by mother tongue and to have aggravated somewhat the spatial polarisation between Francophones and non-Francophones.     

形态历史学方法及其在历史研究中的应用

自然科学中的地学、植物学和人文科学中的语言学已有的形态学方法可以应用于历史学.形态历史学方法的要点在于:对历史客体的典型性和非典型性的区分,用过渡带概念取代边界概念;对历史系统内个体作比较研究,通过维的研究对历史客体作发生学的探讨;对历史系统的构成的研究等.     

试论作为长城"原型"的北方早期石城带

在新石器时代和青铜时代早期,长城沿线的内蒙古中南部、陕北、内蒙古东南部、辽西等地分布有若干石城带,这些石城带基本上都位于当时农业、半农业文化区的北缘,受到气候环境变迁的影响而南北略有移动,其重要功能之一是为了防御北方民族的南侵。由于这些特点与长城有可比之处,故可称其为长城的"原型"。