江户时代日本史学中的早期民族主义

本文对江户时代日本史学著作的文本进行解读,分析存在于日本史学中的早期民族主义,将其归为华夷观变化滋生民族主体意识、神国思想、尊皇意识三种形态,力图证明日本的早期民族主义源自其思想内部,而非外来殖民危机。     

Early Neolithic diets at Baijia,Wei River valley,China: stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of human and faunal remains

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values are presented for faunal and human bone collagen from Baijia, in the Wei River valley region of Shaanxi Province, China. The remains have a calibrated age range of ca. 5709–5389 BC, and correspond with the early Neolithic Laoguantai Period. Stable isotopic results indicate that human diets included millet and probably aquatic foods such as fish and shellfish. Bovid samples are tentatively identified as water buffalo, and have a mean δ¹³C value of −14.6‰, which reflects some millet consumption. Whether bovids were grazing on wild millet, or had diets directly influenced by humans, is not known. The single Sus sample from Baijia had a diet dominated by C3 plants and is thus unlikely to have been a domesticated animal. Overall, the stable isotope results presented here conform to the current concept that the people of the Laoguantai culture were millet farmers, who had subsistence strategies that included hunted wild foods.     

清康熙朝大学士王掞奏请建储始末

清康熙朝的建储之议,一直以来备受清史研究者关注,惟康熙晚年大学士王掞密奏建储一事的始末,尚未尽白于世。弄清此事原委,对了解康熙册储思想的变化及王挾家族的际遇,不无裨益。本文通过文献及史事考证,以厘订《文献丛编·康熙建储案》所收王掞议储密折的奏上时间为主线,进而剖析王掞议储的心理及康熙处理此事的隐衷。     

俗字与古籍校勘七题

古籍中有大量的俗写,俗字问题没有弄清楚,会影响我们古籍整理的质量,也不能很好地进行词义研究工作.以下谈几则与俗字密切相关的古籍校勘问题,为了说明的方便,下面有的引例保持原卷的文字面貌.     

方志的属性不作"属于"解

方志的性质是一个系统概念,包含方志属性、特性、本质属性三个层次,而方志属性是最基础的层次.方志属性概念的内涵指方志自身所固有的性质、特点,而不是指方志属于何种著作.明此,可以使我们对方志性质的研究更全面、系统和深刻.     

国史研究视野中的和谐社会构建

和谐,是社会主义社会的内在属性和本质特征.十六届四中全会提出构建社会主义和谐社会的社会发展目标是同国史研究有着密切的关系的. 人类社会自从私有制出现以后,一些有识之士有感于这种人剥削人、人压迫人的社会制度的不合理性,就开始憧憬、追求一种合理的、美好的未来社会的理想模式.这几乎成为世界各民族的一种政治文化现象.     

寓通识于创见——刘体仁《通鉴札记》史论的特点

清末民初刘体仁所著"辟园史学四种"之一《通鉴札记》是继王夫之《读通鉴论》之后的又一部史论著作.全书以《通鉴》所书史事为据发表评论,对治乱盛衰、社会风俗、民族关系等问题尤为关注,许多论点反映了作者的通识与创见,其特点是寓通识于创见之中.     

Experimental Studies and Vulnerability Assessment of Timber-Arched Lounge Bridges

ABSTRACT

There are many preserved timber-arched lounge bridges in China and some of these bridges are hundreds of years old. The woven arch is the main bearing structure of a timber-arched lounge bridge. Few studies still exist about woven arch mechanical performance, a fact that contributes to the improper repair. This article concerns the structural performance of the woven arch. The results of experimental studies on deformation, stress distribution, force-transferring mechanism, and failure modes were presented. Two woven arch models with and without П-shape braces under symmetrical load and asymmetrical load were investigated. The results indicated that the woven arch had high bearing capacity, especially under symmetrical load. The comparison of experimental results obtained for models with and without brace showed that braces modified the failure mechanism and increased the load carrying capacity and integrity. Based on the failure conditions observed experimentally, limit criteria were defined in order to facilitate vulnerability assessment of timber lounge bridges.     

清代学额制度在地方的运作: 以散厅、废县和分州分县设学立额为中心

清代“科举必由学校”,学额的分配实质上是国家政治资源和权力在县级政区的分配。清朝近三百年间,地方行政制度多有变化。厅制行政区划为清代独有,其形成是一个较长的历史过程;后有废县(州厅卫)置乡;还形成具有“分征钱粮”职能的分州、分县。不过,按照规制非州县不得设学校。通过统计和案例分析可知,为保证各地都有一定数量基层绅士(生员),减少不同地区的学额之争,产生了散厅、废县置乡、分州分县设学立额的现象。清代看似严格的学校学额制度,在地方实际运作中有一定的灵活度。又通过适当的变通,保证了国家政治资源和权力在地方的有效分配。