论晋南曲沃羊舌村出土的史前玉神面

2006年4月在山西省曲沃县羊舌村两周之际的晋侯大墓Ml出土了一件玉神面(以下简称羊舌村玉神面),青白色,玉质莹润,扁平状,通高约7、宽4.8、厚0.8厘米(图一)①.此类玉饰在国内外均有收藏,但有明确出土地点的仅有湖北、陕西、河南及江西等地.     

秦俑博物馆陶器库房空气污染的物理化特征及其对彩绘陶器的影响

2007年冬季在秦始皇兵马俑博物馆陶器库开展了室内大气污染系列采样工作,持续31天,使用Minivol便携式气溶胶采样仪采集了大气颗粒物样品（PM2．5）,利用AreaRAE—IAQ（PGM5220）测定了库内的微气候特征。结果表明,冬季兵马俑陶器库中的PM2．5的平均质量浓度为76．1μg／m3,明显低于室外,PM25中水溶性离子主要由SO4^3-、NO^3-和NH4^＋组成,与室外相同,表明库内污染物主要受室外控制,而且库内颗粒物偏酸性,库内温差较大,由于颗粒物偏酸性可能会对库内的陶器彩绘颜料中的碳酸钙、碳酸钡及硅酸铜钡等成分产生不利影响,颗粒物的悬浮与沉降也可能会对彩绘产生污损,此外库内剧烈的温度变化也可能会对彩绘陶器的保存带来不利影响。     

古代建筑油饰彩绘传统工艺的科学化研究

为了获得传统建筑彩绘工艺过程中的相关科学信息,以传统彩绘工艺过程为基础,利用光学显微镜、电子扫描显微镜、红外光谱、紫外可见光谱、动态粘弹谱、冷冻干燥、化学发光、视频接触角等手段对相关物料在传统工艺操作下的相互作用进行了系统研究.研究主要集中在揭示用于地仗制作物料的功能及其原理.研究结果表明:传统工艺蕴涵着深刻的科学内涵.用于彩绘的地仗是一个典型的复合材料,这种复合材料优越的性能来自于各物质间显著的协同作用.每种物料在其中的作用均可以利用现代科学理念给予阐释.这些理念包括聚合反应、高分子薄膜的固化作用、应力分散、网络结构以及物料相容性等.这些研究结果不仅对传统工艺的理解具有重要的意义,而且对于传统彩绘修复乃至当今复合材料研究也具有重要价值.     

一件凤纹漆衣铜镜的保护处理

铜胎漆器在中国古代因实用功能的差异而拥有不同的品种。“漆衣铜镜”作为铜胎漆器的一个工艺品种,因其数量的鲜少而倍受漆器鉴赏家和研究者的关注。有一件凤纹漆衣铜镜由于长期浸泡于水中而得以较完整保存,出土后笔者首先对其损害状况和病因进行了分析,然后通过脱水保护处理,使这面铜镜达到较为稳定的保存状态。通过显微观察和电镜成分分析,确定漆彩绘至少存在4种不同的颜色。在分析研究的基础上,对其绘制图案进行了效果与工艺的复原。     

谈肩水金关汉简中的几个地名

新近公布的肩水金关汉简记录有丰富的西汉行政区划信息。本文结合传世文献,对汉简所见赵国尉文、梁国載、魏郡鄃、魏郡厝、魏郡廪丘等地名以及相关西汉政区问题进行分析。本文指出赵国尉文县与尉文侯国有关,梁国載县为《汉书·地理志》梁国甾县的早期书写形式,鄃、厝两县于武帝末年至元帝初年隶属魏郡管辖,而简文中的"魏郡廪丘"则为魏郡斥丘的误释。     

新时期地方志工作发展的机遇、挑战与对策

随着我国政治经济社会的快速发展,地方志工作发展面临新的机遇与挑战有：国际间各国文化交流与融合进程加快;国家加大了文化建设投入,社会文化需求日益增长,发挥地方志文化资源作用亟待加强;国家信息化建设对地方志工作带来了机遇与挑战;依法修志,强化地方志机构工作职能,拓展工作内容与领域,切实行使依法行政职能和职责成为必然;方志、年鉴编纂体例,记录内容等业务上拓展创新;方志学理论与实践亟待完善与丰富;图书馆、情报部门、博物馆、档案馆等文化事业的快速发展,管理水平、信息技术应用程度和社会知名度的不断提高,给地方志部门带来了压力和动力;地方志人才队伍建设面临的挑战。地方志工作者应从以下几个方面应对：勇于创新,转变职能;依法行政,完善法规;加大对地方志事业科技工作改革创新力度,使科学技术真正成为促进地方志事业快速发展的动力;加大地方志信息化建设力度,提升地方志工作服务社会与管理水平;加强地方志人才队伍建设。     

妀善鼎铭文考释

首都师范大学历史博物馆近年征集的妀善鼎,器、盖同铭。铭文记述了(己其)晏生之孙为其母或妻子妀善作器。根据器形、纹饰及铭文判断,妀善鼎属于春秋早期的可能性较大。妀善鼎为探索先泰时期(己其)国的地望、历史以及其与晏族的关系等提供了重要资料。     

Provenance of Zhangzhou export blue-and-white and its clay source

Trace element compositions of 25 shards of Chinese Late Ming export blue-and-white porcelain from Zhangzhou and Jingdezhen kilns are analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Principle components analysis and REE distribution curves are used to establish method for provenance unknown Chinese export blue-and-white porcelain which may have originated from Zhangzhou or Jingdezhen kilns. By matching the REE distribution curves of Zhangzhou kiln samples and parent rocks of the possible clay sources used to make Zhangzhou blue-and-white, and comparing it with previous results of geological, geochemical and archaeological researches, the clay used for producing Zhangzhou export blue-and-white has been identified as having been collected from the weathered shells of a nearby potassium feldspar miarolitic granite outcrop.     

Dendrochronological methods for reconstructing mass movements — An example of landslide activity analysis using tree-ring eccentricity

Dendrochronological methods can be applied to the reconstruction of different types of environmental events such as climate changes, fires, glacier movements, floods, earthquakes, volcano activity. In the field of geomorphology dendrochronology is increasingly frequently used for the absolute dating of different types of mass-movements (rock falls, landslides and debris flows, etc.). Trees growing on slopes transformed by mass-movements are tilted and wounded while their stems and root systems are exposed or buried under sediment. These events are recorded in wood anatomy as eccentric growth, reaction wood, scar overgrowth by callous tissue, changes in cell size or adventitious root production. Dating changes in wood anatomy allows to date and precisely reconstruct the spatial and temporal occurrence of mass-movements with at least one year resolution. The paper provides a review of existing dendrochronological tools used in geomorphology and also an example of the application of eccentric tree-growth to reconstruct landsliding. Using tree-ring eccentricity allows to (1) obtain a dynamic depiction of slopes, (2) study landslide activity, not only contemporary, but also in the last tens of hundreds of years (depending on the stand age).     

Cretaceous aggregate and reservoir effect in dating of binding materials

Lime mortars may contain carbon from different origins. If the mortars are made of totally burnt lime, radiocarbon dating yields the true age of building construction. The presence of carbonaceous aggregates gives the so-called dead carbon effect, which may generate older ages. Another source of carbon is charcoal present in mortars. An attempt has been made to apply the radiocarbon method to mortars of archaeologically estimated age from the Dead Sea region. Petrographical analyses of these samples show the carbonaceous character of the binder and large amounts of limestone aggregate. Determination of the mineral composition of the mortars and comparison with the geology of the surrounding, allows the provenance of the raw materials to be identified. They probably represent the Cretaceous rocks of the Judea Group. Separate radiocarbon dates were made on bulk mortar samples, binder, charcoal fragments and separated fractions from mortars. In the case of binder-aggregate mixture the reservoir effect correction has been applied.