Investigating archaeological site formation processes on the battleship USS Arizona using finite element analysis

Scientists from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) worked in a collaborative partnership with archaeologists from the National Park Service's (NPS) Submerged Resources Center (SRC) to develop a finite element model (FEM) of the battleship USS Arizona. An FEM is a computer-based engineering model that calculates theoretical stresses, propagation of force, and shape changes to a structure under loads using thousands or even millions of individual elements whose individual responses are well understood. NIST researchers created an FEM of an 80 ft. (25 m) midships section of the Arizona site to analyze archaeological site formation processes on the sunken battleship, in particular to determine the current condition of the wreck and predict its future strength and structural integrity as it continues to corrode. The NIST's FEM study is one aspect of a larger project under the direction of the NPS, the USS Arizona Preservation Project, whose goal is to determine the nature and rate of corrosion affecting USS Arizona, and to model its long-term structural deterioration. The FEM incorporates findings from other key components of the USS Arizona Preservation Project, such as steel hull corrosion rates, structural surveys of the vessel, sediment compaction studies, and analysis of the concretion that covers the ship's hull, into a single tool that is being used to predict how the wreck will degrade in the future.     

THE FLOURISHING MYRICARIA DESV OF NGARI

<正>Myricaria Desv,known locally as to Myricaria Elegance,is a common plant on the plateau in Ngari.It has to be tough enough to survive on the plateau,put down roots,blossom and bear fruit profusely.Nevertheless, it never asks for repayment from either     

浅析文物鉴定的有效方法

目前文物鉴定的方法主要有传统鉴定法和现代科学技术鉴定法两种。传统鉴定法包括分类法、比较鉴定法、辨别鉴定法和综合考察法,现代科学技术鉴定法包括运用现代科技对文物进行年代测定、成分分析鉴定和对文物、史迹的调查分析。     

试论写意性油画对中国传统文化精神的传承

中国油画家在学习和借鉴西方现代绘画观念、思想、技法的同时,受中国几千年传统思想意识和古代哲学、美学等文化的熏陶以及中国画中写意性语言的影响,经过几代人不懈的努力和探索,形成了具有自己独特风格的画面效果和表现形式,突出了油画的写意性特色.     

识人缘于文

我与李耀祖先生从未见过面,在李先生的诗集《七彩黑林河》出版发行座谈会上,第一次与先生晤面。李先生的诗文近百首,有不少作品真实生动地记录了他一生的坎坷命运和生活历程。就像他那个时代知识分子所     

源远流长的撒拉族刺绣

撒拉族是一个古老的民族,主要生活在青海省循化撒拉族自治县。撒拉族刺绣是撒拉人以勤劳和智慧创造的一门艺术,不仅形式多样,工艺精湛,更因其丰富的内涵而大放异彩。没有文字的撒拉族,天才地运用了刺绣,表达民族迁徙、民族生息繁衍的历史,再现风情民俗,寄其精神向往。     

From the Opposite Corner: A Bibliometric Analysis of Research on American Archaeology in European Publications

We see what we are prepared to see. Scientific research aims at breaking down this situation, analysing its subjects/objects of study from different points of view. Although multiple meanings can be derived from every question and a myriad of positions can be adopted, some are bound to be silenced by traditional criteria of authenticity. Archaeology is not an exception to this: the prevailing agenda severely impacts on our perception of what archaeological practice consists. In turn, its ethos is recreated as part of our own identity processes through our productions, whether by passively accepting monolithic standards or by dynamically proposing alternative positions in response. The study of the prehistoric and colonial periods in America can be a good test bed for surveying the influence of academic background upon the analysis of human history. Here we review two Spanish journals of American studies to discuss the different orientations of the authors according to their provenance. Plotted against the country represented by the authors, we consider his/her research as regards the object of study (ie. artefacts/written sources), its origin, chronology and, finally, the aim of the paper. We found interesting orientations in relation to focus on particular subjects, most probably conditioned by the ontology of the researchers. Although the selection is quite taxative, it may usefully complement studies carried out in the Americas.     

Shell Middens, Ships and Seeds: Exploring Coastal Subsistence, Maritime Trade and the Dispersal of Domesticates in and Around the Ancient Arabian Peninsula

The Arabian Peninsula occupies a critical position at the intersect of several major Old World landmasses. Inland aridity and a major coastal perimeter have long made maritime activities critical to Arabia’s cultural trajectory. A wealth of recent studies, not previously synthesised, suggest not only that the peninsular littoral offered a rich resource base for thousands of years of human occupation in the region, but also that Arabia witnessed some of the world’s earliest seafaring and maritime exchange activities, and played a role in Bronze Age maritime trade that has often been underestimated. Maritime activities were closely linked to developments in agriculture, which not only fuelled trade and exchange, but were also impacted on by the dispersal of domesticates along early maritime corridors. While regional specialisation has to some degree prevented consideration of the maritime prehistory of the peninsula as a whole, it is clear that there are interesting parallels, as well as important differences, between cultural trajectories in different parts of the peninsula.     

唐代镂空刻花涂金银香球及其西传

上世纪后半叶西安郊区出土四批八件银香球,其内部结构设计奇巧,设计原理与现代陀螺仪中的万向支架相同。在马穆鲁克王朝统治下的埃及和叙利亚,金属匠师对唐代香球进行了非常精确的仿制。13-15,世纪香球及其制造技术西传欧洲,对其时的科学技术发展产生了深远影响。