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Dr. Stefan Schütte 《Iranian studies》2009,42(3):465-491
Poverty and insecurity in Afghan cities are intricately intertwined with conditions of “informality.” The term and the realities it describes refer to living situations in which basic needs and activities such as work, housing, and social security are unprotected by laws and standards. Immersion into such a convolution of informality determines the life of a majority among urban populations in Afghanistan and conveys a deep sense of insecurity for the urban poor. The paper looks at how rapid and unprecedented urban growth in Afghanistan goes along with rising levels of livelihood insecurity and explores how the urban poor cope with livelihood risks through a range of informal arrangements. Conceptually, the notion of “informal security regimes” helps capture informality as a coping strategy and how it relates to urban poverty in Afghanistan. Informed by extensive empirical fieldwork, the paper identifies different elements of the “informal security regime” in urban Afghanistan and explores their specific operations. The paper is mainly focused on the Afghan capital, Kabul, supplemented with evidence from other urban sites in Afghanistan. 相似文献
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Dr. Ahmad Shayeq Qassem 《Iranian studies》2009,42(2):247-274
More than seven years have passed since the intervention of the international community in Afghanistan, yet the country has not only failed to achieve stability; it has actually experienced a downward trend on that account. The worsening situation in Afghanistan has occurred despite the fact that the Afghan government and its international partners have allocated unprecedented amounts of resources, increased their security forces and implemented socio-political and economic programs that they deemed were conducive to stability. Why and how this failure did come about? This article challenges some of the underlying assumptions for stability and the notion of political reconstruction that the international community and the Afghan government have implemented so far as being largely responsible for the gloomy state of affairs in that country. 相似文献
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David Williams Dr 《European Planning Studies》2005,13(1):73-91
This article tests the hypothesis that the supplier linkages which subsidiaries of foreign-owned companies make with indigenous firms in the UK are influenced by entry mode, the amount of autonomy which is granted to the subsidiary which is established and the nationality of the parent company. Data were collected from foreign-owned firms in the UK and an ordered probit model with the change in supplier linkages as the dependent variable was devised and tested. The results provide support for the hypothesis in terms of entry mode and subsidiary autonomy, but not in terms of parent nationality. This study represents a new approach to the study of supplier linkages and integrates concepts and studies from both regional science and international business. Foreign-owned firms which entered the UK by means of a greenfield entry tend to have a relatively positive effect on the creation and growth of supplier linkages, whereas those which entered by way of a merger or acquisition tended to have a relatively negative effect on the growth of such linkages. This finding has important implications for academics and policy-makers alike. Although the potential impact which the creation of supplier linkages can make upon the host country's economy has long been recognised, little research has been undertaken to identify the key factors which affect such growth. With increased levels of globalisation it is important that governments are able to maximise the impact which foreign direct investment makes upon the economy of their countries. 相似文献
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Dr Aspa Gospodini 《European Planning Studies》2005,13(7):1083-1111
This paper attempts to describe the potential of urban transport infrastructure projects such as metro, regional rail and tram, to indirectly work as a catalyst for the development and redevelopment of urban areas as well as the regeneration of declining areas. The paper presents the outcome of research on a sample of 12 European cities—Athens, Bratislava, Brussels, Helsinki, Lyon, Madrid, Manchester, Newcastle upon Tyne, Stuttgart, Valencia, Vienna and Zurich. This research is part of the Transecon project which was funded by the European Commission under the competitive and sustainable growth programme of the fifth framework— and concerned with all kinds of different indirect effects (economic, social and spatial) of new transport infrastructure investments in European cities. The outcome of the research points out that urban transport infrastructure may have a catalytic effect on the development, redevelopment and regeneration of urban areas but there are a lot of other influencing factors which make such re-urbanization processes a successful or unsuccessful story. 相似文献
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Zwar sind Untersuchungen in den so genannten Entwicklungsländern mit human- oder naturgeographischem Fokus klassischer Gegenstand der Geographie, jedoch ist es dem Fach im Vergleich mit anderen Disziplinen bisher nicht in ausreichendem Maße gelungen, sich als ernst genommener Partner der praktischen Entwicklungszusammenarbeit zu etablieren. Allerdings hat sich in jüngeren Jahren das inhaltliche und methodische Spektrum der modernen geographischen Entwicklungsforschung erheblich erweitert, ebenso haben sich Selbstverständnis und Aufgabenfelder der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit verändert. Darin liegt die Chance, im Dialog zwischen Wissenschaft und Praxis den Beitrag der Geographie zur Entwicklungszusammenarbeit zu stärken. Die nachfolgenden Ausführungen setzen sich einerseits zum Ziel, thesenartig die Felder aufzuzeigen, die aus Sicht des Fachwissenschaftlers entsprechende Anknüpfungsmöglichkeiten und inhaltlichmethodische Potentiale bieten. Andererseits sollen die Bereiche in Forschung und Lehre angesprochen werden, in denen nach wie vor Handlungsbedarf im Dialog zwischen Wissenschaft und Praxis gesehen wird. 相似文献
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