明清西北筑城碑记的形成、特征及历史地理学价值

据不完全统计,明清西北筑城碑记大约存有269篇,其中原碑尚存于世者32方,是研究明清西北城池史宝贵的一手资料。甘、宁、青三省现存明代碑记最有特色,有大量卫所营堡的筑城碑保留。州县碑记大多有若干时段连续的拓城记,连缀起来就是城池形态扩展的整体叙事。明清西北筑城碑记所反映的城镇类型也多种多样,州县城镇最多,卫所营堡占有一定比例,其他如驿城、巡检司城、厅城、寨城、关城都有一部分存留,非常难得。这些碑记作为第一手资料,详述了筑城过程、工程耗时、销银数量、捐资人户,对于考证原委、制度复原、社会阶层以及城镇职能与形态扩张都有极重要的史料价值。     

试论唐代敦煌金刚经信仰世俗化的发展——以讲经文、灵验记为中心

<金刚经>信仰在中国由来已久,自五世纪鸠摩罗什在中土翻译以后,该经的思想便深深地影响着中国.本文将以敦煌莫高窟为区域范围探讨<金刚经>信仰世俗化的过程.敦煌莫高窟有关<金刚经>的部分,除了大量的写经外,尚有十七铺金刚经变、<金刚般若波罗密经讲经文>及<持诵金刚经灵验功德记>,本文则以<金刚般若波罗密经讲经文>及<持诵金刚经灵验功德记>为讨论重心.     

巫山人与龙骨坡文化

所谓"巫山人",是指在巫山"龙骨坡遗址"中发掘出土的中国最早的人类化石,它的学名叫"巫山能人"(Homo Habilis),简称"巫山人".     

《说文》训“词”例考释兼及许慎的虚字观

本文在<说文>训"词"例穷尽性统计的基础上,从字形演变、出土文献用例、传世文献用例等方面,对<说文>训"词"例字进行了类分析与研究,补增<说文>训释语气词的8种条例,并兼及许慎的虚字观.     

Elemental Characterization by EDXRF of Imperial Longquan Celadon Porcelain Excavated from Fengdongyan Kiln,Dayao County

A mass of Longquan porcelain shards carved with ‘Guan’ or the dragon patterns were unearthed in the early Ming Dynasty layer of the Fengdongyan kiln site at Dayao County. These celadon shards were fired in the Hongwu and Yongle eras of the Ming Dynasty. In order to research the raw materials and firing technology of the imperial porcelain, 85 typical shards were analysed by energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF). The results indicate that the contents of TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃ in the body vary in the Hongwu and Yongle eras. Compared with Longquan glazes in the Southern Song Dynasty, the average values of K₂O, Fe₂O₃ and TiO₂ are higher, but that of CaO is lower in early Ming imperial porcelain glazes. Principal components analysis (PCA) shows that different degrees of elutriation of the same raw materials are the main reason for this difference in the Hongwu and Yongle periods. However, the raw materials of imperial porcelain glazes show no obvious changes and have inherited the earlier tradition. The production and firing technology of imperial porcelain reached a higher level and had not declined in the Early Ming Dynasty.     

“The Old New-Intellectuals” in the May Fourth New Cultural Movement*

During the May Fourth New Cultural Movement, three debates on new/Western and old/Chinese cultures were respectively carried out between the journal New Youth and Lin Qinnan, Chen Duxiu and Du Yaquan, as well as Zhang Dongsun and Fu Sinian. New Youth, Chen Duxiu and Zhang Dongsun were regarded as the “new school,” whereas their opponents “the old new-intellectuals.” The difference between them lies in their attitudes towards traditions instead of their new or old knowledge. After three heated debates, New Youth won a total victory in big cities, because the so-called “urban youths” needed a radical cultural reform plan and a simple guide for action. On the contrary, “town youths” who lived in small cities and towns did not care about the attitudinal difference of two sides. They paid more attention to absorbing new knowledge from both sides and were more sympathetic to tradition.     

《天盛改旧新定律令》西夏文题名的汉文移译与成书年代

俄藏黑水城西夏文法律文献《■》中文标题:深受唐宋时期综合性王朝法典编纂体例与中文标题:层面嬗变的客观影响,基于唐末五代以来王朝法典因编纂体例改变一般以"刑法统类"或"条法"中文标题:的历史趋势与史实,结合西夏文语义学,其汉文中文标题:应移译为《重详定天盛刑统》。作者认为《天盛改旧新定律令》制定与任得敬擅权毫无关系,并以此为切入点,讨论了《天盛改旧新定律令》的年代学问题,认为《天盛改旧新定律令》于天盛初年(1150)在西夏旧律基础上修纂成书,乾祐后期又经重修,应不早于1183年,今日所见《重详定天盛刑统》当属后者。学界中文标题:《颁律表》的俄藏Инв.No.2570号西夏文文献应中文标题:为《进重详定天盛刑统表》。     

西夏语“头项”词义考

以往学界认为有关西夏汉文文献中的"头项"意为"头领、首领",也是西夏的一种军事组织,这一认识并不准确。传世汉文西夏文献中的"头项"乃是"头绪、种类"等义,而西夏文文献中的"头项"则是"事宜、事项"的意思,可以用作"同位语"。同一常用词在夏汉文本中词义的不对等,说明西夏语在词义衍生的思维模式层面与汉语是不一致的。     

THE METOK ROAD OPEN TO TRAFFIC

Metok in Nyingchi Prefecture was the only county that did not have a road in the past. On October 31st, 2013, the Road to Metok was officially opened to the public. The opening of this road signified that now all counties in China can be accessed by road.     

中国现代方志学发展阶段探论(下)

“化大革命”结束之后,全国拨乱反正,各项工作逐步走向正轨,百业待兴,现代方志学事业亦逐渐复苏。继而幸逢中国现代化建设发展的大好机遇,全国兴起第二次新方志编修高潮,现代方志学在此阶段获得极大的发展。现代方志学在本阶段的发展,大致可分为以下几个时期