Le cosmopolitisme entre chaos et république

Sans résumé PierreHassner est agrégé de philosophie. Directeur de recherche émérite au Centre d'études et de recherches internationales (CERI) de la Fondation nationale des sciences politiques, il a publiéLa Violence et la paix. De la bombe atomique au nettoyage ethnique (Paris, Esprit, 1995; 2^e éd. remaniée Paris, Seuil, 2000)La Terreur et l'Empire (Paris, Seuil, 2003) et a dirigéTotalitarismes (avec JacquesRupnik et GuyHermet, Paris, Economica, 1984) etVents d'Est. Vers l'Europe des états de droit? (avec PierreGrémion, Paris, Presses universitaires de France, 1990). Il a réalisé de nombreux travaux de philosophie politique (en particulier sur Kant et Hegel) et en relations internationales (surtout sur le nationalisme, le totalitarisme et la guerre). Ce texte a été écrit à l'occasion d'une conférence, présentée en anglais, à un colloque de l'Institut Nexus à Tilburg (Pays-Bas) en 1998, puis actualisé pour une conférence à la New School of Social Research de New York en 2000.     

Asteropygine trilobites from the Late Devonian of the Kerman region,Iran

The discovery of two new Frasnian species of the subfamily Asteropyginae, Bradocryphaeus kermanensis and Radiopyge hamedii, in the Haruz section north of Kerman, east-central Iran, demonstrates for the first time the presence of North Gondwanan trilobites in this region. The two new species provide a link between faunas from Afghanistan to the east and the Alborz Mountains in north Iran. The recognition of R. hamedii confirms the validity of Radiopyge Farsan, hitherto known only from Afghanistan, as well as the presence in some Frasnian Asteropyginae of six pairs of lateral pygidial spines.     

Innovation in Urban Policy: Movement and Incorporation in City Administration and Community Development

While much recent thinking about city administration suggests tinkering with attitudes of administrators, it will be useful to review how administrators and officials encounter deeper social forces: the continuing inequalities and separations of race and class. Cases of "progressive government" experience—in Chicago; Boston; Berkeley; Santa Monica; Burlington, Vermont; and elsewhere—and of community development institutions spread more broadly through US. cities, suggest the outlines of new challenges and response by urban administrators and politicians.     

City and innovation: Different size,different strategy

The objective of this paper is to assess whether establishments' innovation performance and innovation strategies differ by the size of the city in which they are located. Using the Canadian 1999 Survey of Innovation database (establishment-based), it was found that the rate of innovation is not correlated with city-size, but when the innovation measure takes into account the importance of innovation, then the size of the city does matter. The results show that establishments belonging to smaller cities (with populations of less than 50,000) are less likely to be associated with a world-first innovation than those located in larger cities. Four innovation strategies have been retained—Private Source, R&D, Collaboration and Public Science Base paths—and the results show that the R&D path leads to the greatest increase in the estimated probability to be associated with a world-first innovation, for almost all sectors and all city sizes.     

Using Fractal Dimensions for Characterizing Intra‐urban Diversity: The Example of Brussels

The objective of this paper is to compare fractal‐based parameters calculated by different fractal methods for urban built‐up areas and to link the observed spatial variations to variables commonly used in urban geography, urban economics, or land‐use planning. Computations are performed on Brussels, Belgium. Two fractal methods (correlation and dilation) are systematically applied for evaluating the fractal dimension of built‐up surfaces; correlation is used to evaluate the fractal dimension of the borders (lines). Analyses show that while fractal dimension is ideal for distinguishing the morphology of Brussels, each estimation technique leads to slightly different results. Interesting associations are to be found between the fractal dimensions and rent, distance, income, and planning rules. Despite its limitations, fractal analysis seems to be a promising tool for describing the morphology of the city and for simulating its genesis and planning. The model is robust: it replicates the urban spatial regularities and patterns, and could hence fruitfully be integrated into intra‐urban simulation processes.