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Pierre Messmer 《Modern & Contemporary France》2013,21(3):383-387
This article reviews three recent books on the history of the late nineteenth-century French anarchist movement—one by the French historian Vivien Bouhey and the other two by American scholars, Alexander McKinley and John Merriman. It replaces these works in the context of a renewed interest in the study of the anarchist movement, as an early example of transnational terrorist organisation, and as a relevant field of application for the historiographic concepts of network and transnationalism. In conclusion, it highlights the differences between French and US approaches to the study of anarchism, and evidences the limits of the ‘transnational turn’ in this particular historical field. 相似文献
143.
Pierre‐Yves Le Meur 《Oceania; a journal devoted to the study of the native peoples of Australia, New Guinea, and the Islands of the Pacific》2013,83(2):130-146
The colonial history of New Caledonia has been one of dispossession, alienation, and racial segregation. Indigenous people did not experience a life of all‐embracing confinement and immobility. Instead, Kanak localities were historically shaped by the interplay of colonial projects, ideas, tensions, power relations, practices, representations, values, norms, and emotions. Based on the example of Thio, located on the south‐east coast of New Caledonia, this article explores these transformations, focusing on processes of localization and mobility in the colonial and postcolonial eras. The first section focuses on the encounter with and the interplay between different organisations in Thio: the missionary, mining, pastoral, and administrative frontiers. The second section explores the multilayered history of the landscape and settlement patterns in Xârâgwii/Kouare (a tribe located in the mountainous part of Thio), and the third section analyses the interplay of locality and mobility since World War II. The final section examines the ‘invention’ of the tribe as part of colonial governmental projects. The article concludes with a brief discussion of the meaning of this evolving dialectic in the current context of decolonization. 相似文献
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Pierre Aubéry 《The American review of Canadian studies》2013,43(2):130-145
Ninety-one percent of the natives of Quebec are wage earners suffering on their own territory a double alienation, socio-economic and cultural. The largely proletarized French-speaking population of Quebec is subjected on the job and often in its public life, to authorities who do not literally or metaphorically understand its language. The socio-economic status of the proletariat and its linguistic isolation reinforce its inferiority complex. It is only in literature that this situation is documented, assessed and used as a springboard for self-vindication. However, Quebec literature appears to be considerably ahead of the times. Popular culture, controlled by mass media and international corporations, marketing consumerism as ideology, dominate the contemporary scene. Such an ideology pretends to ignore class and ethnic distinctions and facilitates the quiet reproduction of the existing socio-economic order that treats Quebec natives as cheap labor. A growing class of Quebec intellectuals, however, has become aware of its dispossession, dispossession of its country and of its identity. This class strives to regain them, at least through the mediation of language and literature. Such a form of struggle for identity and recognition has a limited impact on the actual situation since Quebec nationalism is primarily an expression of a class struggle that could only find a victorious outcome in a rather unlikely proletarian revolution. 相似文献
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François-Xavier Le Bourdonnec Sébastien Nomade Gérard Poupeau Hervé Guillou Nikolos Tushabramishvili Marie-Hélène Moncel David Pleurdeau Tamar Agapishvili Pierre Voinchet Ana Mgeladze David Lordkipanidze 《Journal of archaeological science》2012
Using PIXE four types of elemental compositions were found among obsidian artefacts from the Bondi Cave and Ortvale Klde, Middle to Upper Palaeolithic sites in NW Georgia. One of those types corresponds to obsidians from the Chikiani source, whose compositions were determined with a very good agreement by PIXE and ICP-AES/MS. The composition of Chikiani obsidians is remarkably constant despite K–Ar and 39Ar/40Ar extrusion ages from ca 2.4 and 2.8 Ma. The compositions of two other groups of obsidian artefacts are similar to source materials from eastern Anatolia and Armenia, in particular Ikisdere, Sarikamis, Gutansar, and Hatis. Obsidian is only a minority component in the lithic assemblages at the Bondi Cave and Ortvale Klde. Both Neanderthal and Modern Human populations used obsidian in particular from Chikiani. Considering that the shortest walking distance to this nearest source is at minimum of about 180 km, and to other potential sources of more than 350 km it is suggested that this material reached these two sites mostly, if not exclusively, by a series of ‘down the line’ exchanges. 相似文献
147.
François-Xavier Le Bourdonnec Jean-Michel Bontempi Nathalie Marini Sylvain Mazet Pierre François Neuville Gérard Poupeau Jean Sicurani 《Journal of archaeological science》2010
During the Neolithic, obsidians of the Monte Arci (Sardinia) volcanic complex were by far more used in the northern Tyrrhenian area than those of the three other source-islands (Lipari, Palmarola, Pantelleria) in the western Mediterranean. It is shown that merely determinations of content for six major elements with a scanning electron microscope by energy dispersion spectrometry (SEM-EDS) are sufficient to distinguish the four types of Monte Arci obsidians. Because of the compositional similarities between these obsidian types, a multivariate analysis is recommended in provenance studies. Although SEM-EDS, electron microprobe-wavelength dispersion spectrometry (EMP-WDS) and particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) give essentially concordant results in the determination of these six element contents, subtle technique-related biases prevent the combination of SEM-EDS, EMP-WDS and PIXE data on source samples for provenance purposes. An SEM-EDS test-study reveals the first occurrence of obsidians of Lipari for the A Fuata Middle to Late Neolithic site of NW Corsica (north of Sardinia), in addition to the usual Monte Arci obsidians. Similar to EMP-WDS, the SEM-EDS technique requires only millimeter-sized fragments. 相似文献
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