Policy Entrepreneurship and Policy Change

This article reviews the concept of policy entrepreneurship and its use in explaining policy change. Although the activities of policy entrepreneurs have received close attention in several studies, the concept of policy entrepreneurship is yet to be broadly integrated within analyses of policy change. To facilitate more integration of the concept, we here show how policy entrepreneurship can be understood within more encompassing theorizations of policy change: incrementalism, policy streams, institutionalism, punctuated equilibrium, and advocacy coalitions. Recent applications of policy entrepreneurship as a key explanation of policy change are presented as models for future work. Room exists for further conceptual development and empirical testing concerning policy entrepreneurship. Such work could be undertaken in studies of contemporary and historical policy change.     

The estimation of the relative frequencies of mammalian species: Khirokitia 1972

The difficulties in the estimation of relative frequencies of species are discussed and a new approach to the recording of bone is proposed. This approach eliminates various biases and allows minimum numbers of individuals and counts of identified specimens to be derived from the same data. Sieved material from Khirokitia is used to provide a comparison of different methods and to illustrate possible ways of recording the information.     

Liquid passions: bodies,publics and city waters

This article explores water’s capacities as a vibrant matter with specific properties that generates passions, attachments and a sense of belonging, and which enrols bodies in new connections, socialities, alliances and politics in unpredictable ways. Based on research into practices and engagements with water in a large urban public space the paper builds on studies of blue space. It concludes that water has the capacity to enhance a sense of well-being in those that swim in it and to mobilise a very particular sense of embodiment which gives this form of public space its distinctiveness constituting new forms of sociality and connections amongst diverse individuals. It seeks to do this by paying attention to the experiences of things themselves and the active participation of nonhuman forces in events and the ‘vital materiality’ that runs through and across bodies both human and non-human. The article also explores water’s capacity to be constituted and defined by experts as dangerous and risky matter, and to thus engender political associations and connections amongst diverse groups who seek to oppose such expert interventions.     

文化的生态观

<正>文化的生态观是考古学和人类学系统论框架中最富创造力的理论之一。生态学被定义为生物有机体与环境,或结构与自然功能之间内在关系的科学。人类是自然系统的一部分,人与其他有机体及其自然环境的关系被定义为人类生态学。生物有机体的生物学需求和基因结构决定了大部分生物有机体与环境的互动关系。人类拥有发达的文化,文化在人与环境之间以各种形式发挥着一种媒介的角色——怀特在将文化定义为人类超肌体适应手段时意识了到这一点。     

Proxemics: A complex science

Edward T. Hall. Handbook for Proxemic Research. Washington, D. C: Society for the Anthropology of Visual Communication, 1974. 124 pp. Figures, appendices, and references. $5.00 (paper).