An exploration of Hul’qumi’num Coast Salish peoples’ attitudes towards the establishment of no‐take zones within marine protected areas in the Salish Sea,Canada

The Canadian Government has committed to establishing a national network of Marine Protected Areas. Progress in the Salish Sea (Strait of Georgia) of British Columbia has been slow. Opposition by First Nations is a factor as these protected areas have the potential to impact on Aboriginal rights. This case study with the Hul’qumi’num First Nations examines their approaches to marine conservation and their perspectives on “no‐take zones” as a component of marine conservation. The study used a variety of community engagement procedures including relationship building, hiring of a Hul’qumi’num research assistant, conducting individual interviews, focus groups, and field surveys. Interviews were conducted with 41 participants contacted because of their knowledge and interest in marine resource use. The views reported provide a rich understanding of Hul’qumi’num attitudes, but cannot be generalised to the whole population. There was widespread support for efforts to involve local First Nations communities in the development of management plans for marine resources, and also for recognition of First Nation reliance on marine resources for food, social, and ceremonial needs and for economic development opportunities. The establishment of permanent no‐take zones was met with both opposition and support. The most highly endorsed statement about no‐take zones is one of principle—that they are a violation of Aboriginal rights. However, there was also strong agreement that permanent no‐take zones would help reduce over‐fishing. The National Marine Conservation Area program is in its infancy and it remains to be seen how the “strictly protected” zone of the legislation will be interpreted in relationship to Aboriginal harvesting practices. However it is clear that successful conservation will only occur with Aboriginal consent in many areas and there needs to be greater investment in understanding Aboriginal perspectives on marine conservation.     

Book reviews

The Regions and the European Community: The Regional Response to the Single Market in the Underdeveloped Areas. R. Leonardi (Ed.). London, Frank Cass, 1993, 274 pp, £27.50 hb, ISBN 0 7146 3460 3.

Technology Policy: Towards an Integration of Social and Ecological Concerns. George Aichholzer and Gerd Schienstock (Eds). Berlin and New York, De Gruyter, 1994, 418 pp, DM188.0, US$94.95, £59.35 hb, ISBN 3 11 13677 5.

Postmodern Cities and Spaces. Sophie Watson and Katherine Gibson (Eds). Oxford, Blackwell, 1994, VIII + 269 pp, £45.00 hb, ISBN 0 631 19403 7, £13.99 pb, ISBN 0 631 19404 5.

Gender, Planning and the Policy Process. Jo Little. Oxford, Pergamon, 1994, ix + 210 pp, £58.00 hb, ISBN 0 080404 812, ISBN 0 080404 807.

Women and Planning—Creating Gendered Realities. Clara H. Greed. London, Routledge, 1994, vii + 248 pp, £12.99 pb, ISBN 0 415077 810.

Perspectives Towards Sustainable Environmental Development. C. C. Williams and G. Haughton (Eds). Aldershot, Ashgate, 1994, xi + 200 pp, £35.00 hb, ISBN 1 85628 874 9.

Regional Networks, Border Regions and European Integration. Ricardo Cappellin and Peter W. Batey (Eds). London, Pion, 1995, 246 pp, £22.50/US$35.00 hb, ISBN 0 850 8 6124.

Design Review: Challenging Urban Aesthetic Control. Brenda Case Scheer and Wolfgang F. E. Preiser (Eds). New York and London, Chapman & Hall, 1994, vii‐219 pp, US$36.95 pb, ISBN 0 412 99161 6.     

Prehistoric nearshore and littoral fishing in the eastern Tropical Pacific: An ichthyological evaluation

Marine fish bones are abundant components of human food remains at prehistoric sites in the eastern Tropical Pacific. Their quantification and interpretation in terms of human procurement strategies have been hampered by the use of large-meshed sieves and by the obstacles presented to faunal experts by fish taxonomic diversity. Since many important food fish families are speciose, this paper emphasizes the importance of species-level identifications. Making extensive use of Spanish-language articles on fish distribution and ecology, and the commercial and artisanal fisheries literature, it identifies groups of nearshore and littoral fish species that show greater and lesser tolerance for hard substrates (reefs and rocks), estuaries and coastal lagoons, and deeper clearer waters farther offshore. Most of the regional archaeological sites were located near estuarine habitats. The drab-colored fish they attract are generally poorly known. Hence, a particularly detailed analysis is offered of fish behavior within low salinity coastal inlets. Fourteen archaeofaunal fish samples from Costa Rica, Panama, and Ecuador are evaluated in the light of the environmental information generated by the biological and fisheries surveys. It is concluded that most sites have a broadly estuarine orientation and that the input of hard substrates is everywhere <10%. Two sites, Salango, in Ecuador, and Vidor, in Costa Rica, exploited epipelagic fish that swim in large shoals and deep water demersal predators. Sites situated more than 10 km from the coast exploited a wide variety of marine fish. In Parita Bay, Panama, a comparison of fish faunas from Cerro Mangote (6000 B.P.) and Sitio Sierra (1800 B.P.) elicits the hypothesis that regional fishing strategies shifted between these dates from a shore-based, netless strategy to a more complex one that incorporated fine-meshed gill-nets and watercraft.     

Regulating sex work in the EU: prostitute women and the new spaces of exclusion

Contemporary prostitution policy within the European Union has coalesced around the view that female prostitution is rarely voluntary, and often a consequence of sex trafficking. Responding, different nation-states have, however, adopted antithetical legal positions based on prohibition (Sweden), abolition (UK) or legalisation (Netherlands). Despite the apparently sharp differences between these positions, in this article we argue that there is now a shared preoccupation with repressing spaces of street prostitution. Noting the forms of exploitation that nonetheless adhere to many spaces of off-street work, we conclude that the state and law may intervene in sex work markets with the intention of tackling gendered injustice, but are perpetuating geographies of exception and abandonment.