试论古代奥林匹克运动会中的城邦关系与城邦贵族——以公元前420年第90届奥运会为例

第90届古希腊奥林匹克赛会举办于公元前420年。其间发生了两件不同寻常的事件,一是斯巴达城邦被禁止参赛,二是雅典贵族阿尔基比阿德斯在赛场上大肆炫耀他个人的财富。本文通过对这两个事件及其背景的解读分析,将古代奥林匹克赛会与当时希腊的城邦社会背景结合起来,分别论述了赛会中的希腊城邦关系以及城邦贵族这两个层面的内容,证明古代奥林匹克赛会不仅在宗教和体育史范畴内具有意义,其中更蕴含着多方面的城邦社会因素,与古代希腊城邦的大背景密切相关。     

从《苏州商团档案汇编》看近代苏州商团

1906年成立的苏商体育会是苏州商团的前身,也是近代中国较早由商人创办的新型准军事团体,1912年初发展成为苏州商团公会,直至1936年2月才宣告结束。与上海和武汉等地的商团相比较,苏州商团的特点是与商会的关系十分密切,组织比较细密,规章也比较完备,是统一的一元化组织,而且发展的历史较长,虽在政治上没有突出影响,但在维护地方治安和保护商人利益等方面却发挥了重要作用。180余万字的《苏州商团档案汇编》是国内外即将出版的第一部大型商团档案文献资料,内容丰富,对研究近代苏州商团乃至整个近代中国商团都具有很高的史料价值。     

试论罗素的史学审美思想

20世纪50年代,在参与史学是科学还是艺术的大讨论的过程中,英国著名哲学家罗素在史学的服务对象、学术方法和所存在的缺陷方面所提出的一应观点无疑是很有价值的。因为正是这些观点,揭蔡了史学应是审美的这样一个事实;而不能有效地使自己的读者进入审美的境界,即不能使他们通过对史学著述的阅读,来获得“直观自身的本质力量”的愉悦,是当代史学在形态建构和成果具获上的一个严重的缺失。     

Trajectories for Greening in China: Theory and Practice

This edited volume argues that China's development poses the greatest ever environmental challenge for the modern world in terms of speed, size and scarcity. The volume is organized around the greening of the Chinese state and society: can the inclusion of sustainable development principles into governance, management and daily practices by social actors lead to sustainable development per se? This introduction sketches the different scholarly camps around greening and sustainable development, ranging from sceptical to radical environmentalism. The contributions demonstrate that China is showing clear signs of greening as new institutions and regulations are created, environmental awareness increases and green technologies are implemented. However, the question remains whether this is sufficient to effectuate long‐term sustainable development. The key factors here are the sheer speed of China's economic growth, the size of its population, and the relative scarcity of its natural and mineral resources. Chinese development presents compelling reasons for rethinking the viability of greening. It is necessary to move beyond both alarmist visions of an environmental doomsday, and optimistic notions that incremental changes in technology, institutions and lifestyles are sufficient for sustainability. It might be more fruitful — and not only for China — to consider ‘precautionary’ rather than ‘absolute’ limits to growth.     

Biotechnology and Food Safety in China: Consumers’ Acceptance or Resistance?

Although China is one of the world's largest producers and consumers of genetically modified (GM) crops and derived food products, little is known about the level of Chinese consumer awareness, understanding and acceptance of GM food. Initially, China pursued relatively aggressive policies for biotechnology development, but in recent years, the central government has become more sensitive to the potential environmental risks of transgenic food crops. To protect domestic biotech industries, the state plays a critical role in the politics of biotechnology, and does not allow GM food to become a prominent public issue. This contribution reports on a survey of 1,000 urban respondents. It demonstrates that most consumers lack the most basic understanding of biotechnology and its potential risks. The majority of the respondents (60 per cent) were either unwilling to consume GM food or were neutral about the idea, but when given neutrally‐worded information about potential GM food allergenicity, the willingness to buy dropped sharply. This might point to future scenarios of consumer resistance against GM food as has happened in European Union member states. This effect demonstrates the malleability of the Chinese consumer in a context of limited understanding and inadequate access to information.     

Cities in a pandemic: Evidence from China

This paper studies the impact of urban density, city government efficiency, and medical resources on COVID-19 infection and death outcomes in China. We adopt a simultaneous spatial dynamic panel data model to account for (i) the simultaneity of infection and death outcomes, (ii) the spatial pattern of the transmission, (iii) the intertemporal dynamics of the disease, and (iv) the unobserved city-specific and time-specific effects. We find that, while population density increases the level of infections, government efficiency significantly mitigates the negative impact of urban density. We also find that the availability of medical resources improves public health outcomes conditional on lagged infections. Moreover, there exists significant heterogeneity at different phases of the epidemiological cycle.     

封闭式博物馆室内展厅秋季颗粒物数浓度变化特征

大气中的颗粒物已经成为影响文物保存环境质量的重要因素之一,监测文物保存环境中颗粒物浓度、减少其对文物所造成的损害影响已成为一个重要的研究课题。目前国内在此方面的研究尚较缺乏。因此,本研究采用气体悬浮物粒子监测仪对某封闭式博物馆不同展厅空气中不同粒径颗粒物的数浓度进行了连续监测,并与游客流量及装饰材料的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,96%以上颗粒物为PM_1.0（等效体积粒径小于1.0μm）,80%为PM_0.3（等效体积粒径小于0.3μm）。游客扰动对颗粒物数浓度的影响与粒径大小有关,PM_1.0数浓度没有明显的日变化,但1.0μm以上粗颗粒在开馆时段和夜间清扫时段出现明显的波动;节假日浓度明显高于工作日。上述研究表明,馆藏文物保存环境大气中的颗粒物污染监控应以细颗粒为主。     

陕南乡村聚落体系的空间分析

本文从宏观整体、村庄个体、住户单元三个层次分析了陕南乡村聚落体系空间结构的基本特征,探讨了其各层次的演变规律。并通过对乡村聚落演变方向的预测,为陕南村镇合理建设与改造提供科学依据。     

《泰山雅泳》：——《永乐大典》中的泰山佚书

新近发现：在现存《永乐大典》残卷中,收录一种泰山佚书——《泰山雅泳》。《大典》共录存其书之诗十首。本对以上十诗逐一作了考察,并在此基础上,对《雅袜》的成书时代、编撰人员以及其书所具认识价值,提出了自己的见解。     

制度安排与区域经济绩效:比较独立后马来西亚和印尼经济绩效差异的制度原因

诺思教授认为制度是一个国家经济增长的源泉。他将新制度经济学的理论工具引入新经济史的分析当中,构建了制度变迁理论,从产权理论、国家理论和意识形态理论三个方面去分析国家和区域经济绩效之间的差异。本文将主要基于诺思的制度变迁理论,并结合新制度经济学的其他相关理论,来分析马来西亚和印尼经济绩效差异的制度原因。