改革开放以来我国民族区域自治制度的发展和实践

随着具有历史意义的中共十一届三中全会的召开 ,我国的民族区域自治工作进入了一个新的发展时期 ,不但全面恢复了民族工作机构 ,而且重申了过去行之有效的各项民族政策。以江泽民为核心的党的第三代领导集体继承了党的第一代、第二代领导集体关于民族区域自治的理论和实践经验 ,认为民族区域自治是我国解决民族问题的一大政治优势 ,具有旺盛的生命力。从民族地区发展的角度来看 ,西部大开发 ,实际上就是西部民族地区的大开发。随着西部大开发战略构想的逐步实施 ,民族地区必将迎来其发展史上新的历史性机遇 ,将进一步印证我国民族区域自治制度的巨大优越性     

华侨城可持续发展主题形象理论研究

本从迪斯尼落户香港引发的对华侨城旅游主题公园可持续发展主题形象的思考入手,着重从迪斯尼与华侨城的比较研究中寻找出华侨城的主题策划和创新的结构。论从迪斯尼与华侨城的建园初衷,主题选择,表现方式和化内涵4个方面进行比较,提出了形象性原则,一致性原则,时效原则和约束性原则等一系列原则,在此基础上对华侨城的主题形象进行策划与创新。     

一批楚墓包金金属饰片金箔成分及制作工艺的科学研究

出土于湖北当阳赵巷M12和曹家岗M5春秋晚期楚墓的金属饰片部分外包有带纹饰的金箔,该批饰片数量较大,类型丰富,材质多样,制作精良,在楚墓所出类似文物中规格较高。为对金箔的元素含量、厚度、颜色、光泽度、纹饰和制作工艺等方面展开系统的研究,本研究采用扫描电镜、X射线荧光分析显微镜、激光共聚焦显微镜、三维视频显微镜、色差仪、光泽度仪以及气质联用色谱等分析手段对194片金箔进行科学的分析。研究表明,这批楚墓金箔为金银合金,Au含量为82%～95%,Ag为5%～18%,厚度7～35μm,与先秦时期其他墓葬出土的金箔、金片相比,其厚度最薄,金含量相对较高,金箔表面更光亮,打磨抛光较为明显,纹饰种类更为丰富,纹饰刻划更加细腻、繁缛。显然,其制作工艺达到较高的水准。同时,对该批金箔的冶炼技术和制作工艺过程进行了探讨。研究结果可为了解中国传统金箔和纹饰制作工艺提供重要的参考依据。     

Geographic information system‐based edge effect correction for Ripley's K‐function under irregular boundaries

Ripley's K‐function is a test to detect geographically distributed patterns occurring across spatial scales. Initially, it assumed infinitely continuous planar space, but in reality, any geographic distribution occurs in a bounded region. Hence, the edge problem must be solved in the application of Ripley's K‐function. Traditionally, three basic edge correction methods were designed for regular study plots because of simplified geometric computation: the Ripley circumference, buffer zone, and toroidal methods. For an irregular‐shaped study region, a geographic information system (GIS) is needed to support geometric calculation of complex shapes. The Ripley circumference method was originally implemented by Haase and has been modified into a Python program in a GIS environment via Monte Carlo simulation (hereafter, the Ripley–Haase and Ripley–GIS methods). The results show that in terms of the statistical powers of clustering detection for irregular boundaries, the Ripley–GIS method is the most stable, followed by the buffer zone, toroidal, and Ripley–Haase methods. After edge effects of irregular boundaries have been eliminated, Ripley's K‐function is used to estimate the degree of spatial clustering of cities in a given territory, and in this paper, we demonstrate that by reference to the relationship between urban spatial structure and economic growth in China.     

Using Optical Coherence Tomography to Examine Additives in Chinese Song Jun Glaze

We use optical coherence tomography (OCT) to acquire microstructure images of Chinese Song Jun glaze to reveal the copper and quartz additives used and, in two typical samples, we show that the amount added is considerable. Focusing on these two additives, including the species, amount and granule (particle) size added in the glaze, the objective of the present study is to explore how they functioned in relation to the Jun glaze's visual characteristics, opalescence and sky‐blue colour, attributed to the unique liquid–liquid phase separation that occurs in Jun glaze.     

The Role of Pattern‐Welding in Historical Swords—Mechanical Testing of Materials Used in Their Manufacture

Pattern‐welding is a well‐known technique that was widely employed in the manufacture of swords. While the decorative effect of genuine pattern‐welding (employing phosphoric iron) is indisputable, to date its reinforcing effect is rather unclear. In order to understand this issue better, wrought iron, phosphoric iron, steel and various pattern‐welded samples were prepared and mechanically tested, and the results obtained are discussed in detail. Both the mechanical testing and the long‐term metallographic investigation of medieval swords suggest that pattern‐welding does not have any significant positive effect on the mechanical properties of swords and we should consider it a primarily decorative technique.     

何应钦与一九三七年川康整军

1937年的川康整军,由军政部长何应钦负责主持并顺利完成.文章以何应钦与川康整军关系为主线,从何应钦参与整军的原因、在整军中扮演的角色、作用发挥等方面着手,穿插整军情况,梳理并论述其与此次整军的关系.作为川康整军委员会主任委员,何应钦几乎参与了整军实施前的全过程:从年初整军计划的构思、历时近4个月的协商调整和整军方案的出台,到7月赴渝主持整军会议.他凭借个人在整军过程中发挥的代表、组织和协调作用,平衡蒋介石与刘湘利益、促使中央与四川在整军问题上达成妥协,为整军的顺利推进做出了不可替代的贡献.     

试论诸葛亮在贵州的影响

诸葛亮南征没有到贵州,而贵州却有很多关于他的遗迹、轶事和传说,且影响深远.本文分析了这一文化现象形成的原因,并指出其主流是对他"和"、"抚"方针的认同,是对他客观上促进南中地区社会发展、民族融合的肯定,表达的是对战乱屠杀的厌恶摒弃.     

二龙湖遗址出土铁器的金相学研究

为系统地揭示出二龙湖遗址铁器的金相组织,展示其钢铁技术进步,此次对遗址出土的铁器进行系统的金相学检测和研究,获得了大量的钢铁技术信息。所检测的铁器种类包括铁钁、铁带扣、铁镰、铁刀、铁凿、铁镐、铁剑和铁环钉,均为铸造成型。包括麻口铸铁、白口铸铁、灰口铸铁、铸造后脱碳处理产品韧性铸铁,亦见到有球墨形态存在。在等待考古报告先行发表期间,见有该遗址部分铁器的金相检测及研究论文发表。综合分别进行的检测研究结果,加深了对于战国时期燕国金属工具的性质、东北地区金属文化的内涵以及与中原地区文化及钢铁技术之间渊源关系的认识。     

安徽博物院所藏7幅潘玉良油画矿物色料的组成分析

油画具有色料种类繁多、同一色系的颜料多样及对环境比较敏感等特性,加上颜料自身的风化作用,仅凭肉眼难以分辨。在修复性保护工作之前,对需要补色、补底处原色料的鉴定是一项基础性的工作,以便为修复时色料的选择提供依据。为此,本研究运用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线荧光(XRF)等方法对7幅安徽博物院收藏的待修复的潘玉良油画矿物色料进行了物相及成分分析,讨论了补色修复时色料选择应注意的问题,以避免因色料粉之间不兼容(起化学反应)而对画作造成的二次伤害。