Zoning and Neighbourhood Change: the Annex in Toronto, 1900–1970

Most models of neighbourhood change envisage an insignificant role for zoning, whereas contemporary analyses of the politics of land use change treat it as a major means of controlling change. In the Annex neighbourhood, where zoning was potentially able to prevent all major land use changes after 1900, it proved to be only a minor influence, whether in its enforcement or through new zoning restrictions. In the long run, zoning and the political control of zoning responded to, rather than modified, the dominant economic and social forces which produced change in the neighbourhood.
La plupart des modèles de changement de quartier envisagent un rle peu important en ce qui concerne l'aménagement de tenitoire tandis que les analyses contemporaines de la politique du changement du développement des terrains le traitent comme un moyen principal de contrbler les changements. Dans le quartier Annex, après le début du siècle, l'aménagement du tenitoire aurait pu virtuellement empêcher tout changement en ce qui concemait le développement des terrains. Au contraire, l'aménagement du tenitoire n'est aujourd hui qu'une influence secondaire soit à cause de la manitre de son application soit h cause des nouvelles restrictions qu'il a entamées. En fin de compte, l'amknagement de temtoire aussi bien que son contrble politique ont suivi plutht que de modifier les forces économiques et sociales dominantes qui ont à leur tour produit des changements dans le quartier.     

Book reviews

CHINA

PAUL A. COHEN. History in Three Keys: the Boxers as Event, Experience, and Myth. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997. xviii, 428 pp. £27.95, paper.

DAVID S. G. GOODMAN (ed). China's Provinces in Reform. London and New York: Routledge, 1997. 278 pp. US$85.00, £50.00, hardcover; US$25.99, £15.99, paper.

HUANG JIANLI. The Politics of Depoliticization in Republican China: Guomindang Policy towards Student Political Activism, 1927–1949. Berne: Peter Lang AG, 1996. US$52.95, £34.00, hardcover.

PAUL R. KATZ. Demon Hordes and Burning Boats: the Cult of Marshal Wen in Late Imperial Chekiang. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995. xviii, 261 pp. Index. US$19.95, paper.

JAPAN, KOREA

EYAL BEN‐ARI. Body Projects in Japanese Childcare—culture, Organization and Emotions in a Preschool. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 1997. 166 pp. £40.00, hardcover.

JENNIFER DUFFY and GARY ANSON, eds. Encounters with Japan: twenty Extraordinary Stories. Sydney: Angus and Robertson, 1994. 159 pp. A$14.95.

KEN'ICHI GOTO. ’Returning to Asia’: Japan‐Indonesia Relations, 1930s‐1940s. Tokyo: Ryukei Shyosha, 1997. xxvi, 496 pp. Index. ¥12,000, hardcover.

AMY VLADECK HEINRICH (ed). Currents in Japanese Culture: translations and Transformations. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997. 493 pp. Preface, brief biographies of contributors, index. US$52.00, hardcover.

STEWART LONE. Japan's First Modern War: army and Society in the Conflict with China, 1894–95. Studies in Military and Strategic History. Houndmills and London: Macmillan/St. Martin's Press, in Association with King's College, London, 1994. xii, 222 pp. £40.00, hardcover.

COLIN McKENZIE and MICHAEL STUTCHBURY (eds). Japanese Financial Markets and the Role of the Yen. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1992. 176 pp. Tables, abbreviations, glossary, preface, list of contributors, appendices, notes, bibliography, index. A$39.95 hardcover; A$24.95, paper.

SOUTH ASIA

KATE BRITTLEBANK. Tipu Sultan's Search for Legitimacy: Islam and Kingship in a Hindu Domain. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1997. 184 pp. Illustrations, introduction, notes, bibliography, index. Rs. 450, hardcover.

SOUTHEAST ASIA

BENG‐HUAT CHUA. Communitarian Ideology and Democracy in Singapore. London: Routledge, 1997 (revised edition), xiv, 213 pp. Preface, preface to paperback edition, references, index. £45.00, hardcover; £14.99, paper.

STEVEN HEDER and JUDY LEDGERWOOD (eds). Propaganda, Politics and Violence in Cambodia: democratic Transition under United Nations Peace‐Keeping. New York and London: M.E. Sharpe, 1996. xx, 277 pp. US$71.95, hardcover; US$29.95, paper.

ROBERT LOWRY. The Armed Forces of Indonesia. St Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin, 1997. xxiv, 282 pp. Tables, maps, graphs, index. A$29.95, paper.

GENERAL ASIA

CHRISTINE DOBBIN. Asian Entrepreneurial Minorities: conjoint Communities in the Making of the World Economy, 1570–1940. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 1996. 246 pp. Glossary, selected bibliography, index. £45.00, hardcover; £16.99, paper.     

Book reviews

Local Development — Restructuring, Locality and Economic Initiative in Portugal. Stephen Syrett. Aldershot, Avebury, 1996, US$75.95, ISBN 1 856 28 4840.

Geographic Information Systems: Socioeconomic Applications. David Martin. New York, Routledge, 1996, XXII + 210 pp., £45.00 hb, £14.99 pb, ISBN 0 415 12571 5 hb, 0 415 12572 3 pb.

Town and Country Planning in Britain (11th edition). J. B. Cullingworth and V. Nadin. London, Routledge, 1994, XX + 343 pp., £14.99pb, ISBN 0 415 10708 3.

Towards Visitor Impact Management. Visitor Impacts, Carrying Capacity and Management Responses in Europe's Historic Towns and Cities. J. Glasson, K. Godfrey and B. Goodey (with H. Absalom and J. Van der Borg). Aldershot, Avebury, Urban and Regional Planning and Development Series, 1995, XII + 189 pp., £35.00 hb, ISBN 1 85972 054 4.     

Recognition and Classification of Urban Shapes

This paper is concerned with a methodology that is able to recognize and classify geometric shapes, in particular urban shapes. The main objective of this study is to develop a shape index that will address Whyte's category of “spatial form” (1968), that is, the external appearance or outward form, in contrast with the “internal form,” which is the structural form. We first review methodologies of shape recognition and classification. Next, we propose a viable formulation for such an endeavor by drawing from the aforementioned methodologies, and we aim to overcome some of their limitations by formulating a new index. We will apply the resulting shape index to an illustrative case in order to recognize urban shapes.     

South Africa and the African Renaissance

This article addresses the question of the new South Africa's relationships with other countries in Africa in the context of the idea of an 'African Renaissance' which has recently gained currency. The authors identify two opposing conceptions of Africa's development, which they call 'globalist' and 'Africanist' respectively, and explore the tensions besetting South Africa's participation in an 'Africanist' project. They discuss the dilemma of South Africa's role on the continent as both an obvious and an impossible candidate for leadership, and argue for an 'Africanist' and post-structuralist approach to the political, economic and cultural development of the African continent.     

Bureaucratic Domination of Hunter-Gatherer Societies: A Study of the San in Botswana

Social science analysis of hunter-gatherer societies has highlighted their economic and cultural subordination to neighbouring peoples. This article shows that, at least in the case of the San in Botswana, state bureaucratic domination is becoming the determining factor in social change. The authors provide evidence of bureaucratic domination with respect to settlement of the San, the establishment of headmanship, extension of social services and environmental legislation. In this new environment, hunter-gatherer self-determination requires the creation of effective political organizations to counter the bureaucratic state. Some San groups in Botswana are already reacting to the expanding presence of the state by dramatically increasing their involvement in various aspects of Botswana's electoral politics. While the outcome of the San political challenge to the state is still in doubt, the authors conclude that San settlement is a precondition for political change in spite of the serious cultural sacrifice involved.     

PATTERNS OF DIURNAL VARIATION OF GROWING SEASON PRECIPITATION ON THE CANADIAN PRAIRIES: A HARMONIC ANALYSIS

We analyze the spatial variation in diurnal daytime-nighttime precipitation amounts and event frequency, using 24 years (1965-88) of hourly growing season precipitation records for 24 stations on the Canadian Prairies. Harmonic analysis indicates that both maximum amount of precipitation and maximum frequency of precipitation events occur during late night to early morning throughout the agricultural areas. Comparison of drier and wetter season precipitation patterns indicates further that the nocturnal maximum is weak in the drier and strong in the wetter growing seasons. Identification of these patterns might be helpful for more reliable forecasting of not onlyprecipitation probabilities for various times of day during the growing season in general, but also those for drier vs. wetter seasons in particular.
Nous analysons la variation spatiale de la frequence et de la quantitk depre'cipitations diurnales utilisant des observationsCchelonne'essurunepe'riode de24 anne'es (I 965- 88) et recueillies toutes les heures durant la saison de croissance pour 24 stations des prairies Canadiennes. Une analyse harmonique rnontre qu'ti travers ces re'gions agricoles, la quantite' rnaxirnale de pre'cipitations ainsi que la frkquence rnaxirnale de ces evhernents seproduisent tard la nuit jusqu'ti t8t le rnatin. De plus, la cornparaison des rnoddes de prtkipitations recueillis durant les saisons les plus sPches et les plus hurnides rnontre que le rnaxirnurn nocturne est faible durant les saisons les plus seches et Clev6 durant les saisons les plus hurnides. L'identification de ces tendences devrait aider ti I'elaboration de predictions plus exactes concernant non seulernent les probabilite's de prkcipitations ti toute heuredu jour et de la nuit durant la saison de croissance, mais aussi, et plus particulisrernent, les probabilite's de precipitations attache'es ti I'identification des saisons les plus seches et des saisons les plus hurnides.