古砚奇葩——砚台展珍品赏析

武汉博物馆与上海松江博物馆联合举办的古砚奇葩——砚台珍品展,于5月1日在武汉博物馆展出。此次展览的展品时间跨度从西汉起,迄止近代,砚质包括石、陶,瓷、澄泥、紫砂、青铜、铁、玉、木、水晶等,制式有辟雍式、风池式、太史式、玉堂式等,形状有方、圆、天然、神兽动物、瓜果花卉、钟鼎器物等,构成了一部形象的中国古砚发展史,也是中国砚台文化的一次较全面的展示。现从展品中撷取26方,稍作赏鉴,以飨观众。     

二十世纪辽代考古的发现与研究

对于文献记载存留甚少且讠为误甚多的辽代历史而言,考古学具有非常重要的作用。通过勘察与发掘都城与地方城市,可以窥见10世纪以来松漠草原地带城市的兴起及其建制的具体情况。陵墓的调查发掘,为了解辽代契丹和汉人的丧葬制度与习俗提供了最直接的原始材料。墓葬所见各种绘画材料,更丰富了辽代美术史乃至社会生活的研究。陶瓷窑址的发掘及金属、陶瓷、玉石器物以及丝织品遗物的出土,奠立了辽代手工业技术研究的基础。在维修或清理辽塔过程中出土的刻经、写经等文物,对于研究辽代佛教的发展具有重要价值。辽代考古的发现与研究滥觞于20世纪初…     

Tourism development,rights consciousness and the empowerment of Chinese historical village communities

In recent years, China's tourism researchers have started to pay attention to the empowerment of rural communities. Current theoretical research and social practices reflect that tourism needs to seek localized empowerment with respect to different types of tourism destinations. This paper, taking Furong Historical Village in Zhejiang Province as a case study, examines a special kind of Chinese historical village community in which the villagers’ consciousness of their rights is weak and tourism development is only in its initial stages. Based on the field surveys, this paper points out four roots of such a community's disempowerment: (1) the failure of political institutions to ensure the community's public interest; (2) accusations of historical villages ‘damaging protection’; (3) information asymmetry in the relationship between rural leaders and villagers; and (4) a sense of powerlessness in the daily lives of rural residents. Based on these findings, this paper suggests several empowerment paths: (1) placing the enhancement of psychological power as the core of community empowerment; (2) addressing villager empowerment needs according to different types, rather than generalizing a community as a whole; and (3) including a diversity of subjects in the process of empowerment. These empowerment paths would be a moderate extension toward increasing community empowerment, based on this empirical study.     

安顺城市文化景观溯源及文化特色探析

安顺拥有丰富的城市文化景观,这些文化景观是安顺城市历史文化的载体,是安顺历史文脉的延续。本文对《贵州通志》、《安顺府志》、《续修安顺府志》三本志书所载"安顺八景"进行溯源,认为安顺城市文化景观具有历史的传承性和时代的更新性,这是一个城市文化进行延续和发展的内在力量。在此基础上,探讨了安顺城市文化的地域特色,希冀安顺在保护城市文化特色的同时,能在城市新区的建设中,延续安顺城市文脉和地域特色。     

THE 9TH DORAMPA GESHI DEGREE AWARD CEREMONY HELD IN BEIJING

<正>The 9th award ceremony of Dorampa Geshi Degree,the advanced degree in the Tibetan Buddhism,was held in the High-level Tibetan Buddhism College of China,Beiji...     

RED CHEEKS IN TIBET REDUCED

Editor＇s Note： According to modern science, sunlight has a series of effects while it irradiates human skin and sequentially makes the human body stronger and healthier. Basking in sunlight is a common lifestyle for people living in western countries and has gradually formed a sunbathing culture amongst people in the west. Nevertheless, the special geographical environment and too much strong ultraviolet radiation in Tibet makes sun-bathers very susceptible to sun-burnt skin if they bask too long under sunlight of Tibet.     

民族主义与现代化:伍连德对收回海港检疫权的混合论述

论文分析梳理了伍连德对1930年7月1日全国海港检疫管理处收回海港检疫权问题的双面论述。在面对华人时,他习惯用汉语并以"外人干涉"、"争主权"和"雪耻"等宣称来证明中国收回检疫权的合法性;而面对西方用英语表述时,他绝口不提民族主义口号,而转用"现代的"(up-to-date)一词来论证中国海港检疫自办的专业性,并从对抗性立场转为合作立场。伍连德的这种双重话语系统向我们展示了中国现代性建构的混合性,即对于民族主义保国和西化强国的双重诉求。     

张骞“凿空”西域

张骞,汉中人,建元中为郎。是时天子问匈奴降者,皆言匈奴破月氏王,以其头为饮器,月氏遁逃,而常怨仇匈奴,无与共击之。汉方欲事灭胡,闻此言,因欲通使。道必更匈奴中,乃募能使者。骞以郎应募,使月氏,与堂邑氏故胡奴甘父俱出陇西。经匈奴,匈奴得之,传诣单于。单于留之,曰：“月氏在吾北,汉何以得往使？吾欲越使,汉肯听我乎？”留骞十余岁,与妻有子,然骞持汉节不失。--《史记·大宛列传》 历史的呼唤 司马迁与张骞均为西汉同时代人,尽管史家讲究“生不列传”,但由于张骞两次出使西域,出生入死,敢为人先,打击匈奴,交好西域,当时也为惊天地、泣鬼神之壮举,故司马迁在《史记·大宛列传》中,开篇即以数百字介绍张骞生平业绩及贡献。东汉班固作《汉书》时,则把张骞、大将军李广利并列建立专节作传,使得张骞“凿空”,开拓丝绸之路的历史功勋,名标青史,永垂后世。2000年间,非但没有被岁月淹没,倒因为中西方政治、经济、科技、文化交流,丝绸之路至今仍是中西交往的重要通道,被誉为“欧亚大陆桥”,在我国对外经济交流上发挥着重大作用。追思先贤,当年张骞不畏艰险,“凿空”丝路的精神也益发应该彰显、发扬光大,张骞当之无愧地被列为世界级的文化名人。     

浙江温州市瓯海杨府山土墩墓的年代及相关问题

杨府山土墩墓出土的青铜礼器、乐器和兵器的年代和性质,对探讨南方地区文化的互动、交融乃至民族的交往具有重要意义。通过对该墓所出鼎、簋、铙、短剑等的具体分析,可以断定这应是一批具有浓郁地域特色的南方系青铜器,时代应在商末周初,墓葬的年代最晚应为西周早期。     

东突厥汗国属部的突厥化——以粟特人为中心的考察

公元6—8世纪,随着突厥的兴起和突厥汗国的建立,漠北地区开启新一轮族群变动浪潮,即突厥化的进程。活动于漠北的粟特人,在融入突厥游牧族群的过程中,既凸显出突厥化的表征及趋向,同时又保留了若干本民族的传统文化因子。游牧帝国的盛衰起伏和游牧生活的迁徙流动,使粟特人的突厥化过程并未彻底完成。中古漠北地区粟特与突厥之间的族群互动、交融景象,显示出北方游牧社会内部的族群认同,相对于定居农耕的汉地文化圈而言,似乎更为脆弱易变。