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is a traffic-related air pollutant. Ground monitoring stations measure concentrations at certain locations and statistical predictive methods have been developed to predict as a continuous surface. Among them, ensemble tree-based methods have shown to be powerful in capturing nonlinear relationships between measurements and geospatial predictors but it is unclear if the spatial structure of is also captured in the response-covariates relationships. We dive into the comparison between spatial and nonspatial data models accounting for prediction accuracy, model interpretation and uncertainty quantification. Moreover, we implement two new spatial and a nonspatial methods that have not been applied to air pollution mapping. We implemented our study using national ground station measurements of in Germany and the Netherlands of 2017. Our results indicate heterogeneous levels of importance of modeling the spatial process in different areas. The prediction intervals predicted with ensemble tree-based methods are more satisfactory than the geostatistical methods. The two new methods implemented each obtained better prediction accuracy compared to the original ensemble tree-based and stacking methods. The probabilistic distribution of the spatial random field estimated by the geostatistical methods could provide useful information for analyzing emission sources and the spatial process of observations. 相似文献
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Paula Soto Villagrán 《Gender, place and culture : a journal of feminist geography》2019,26(7-9):1170-1181
AbstractThis paper sets out to present geographies of gender and feminism in Mexico in order to identify some of the conceptual contributions, thematic axes and key problems within the field’s corpus of knowledge that, while widely-recognized internationally, is only beginning to develop in Mexico. I examine the academic production of feminist geography with an emphasis on the institutional contexts that may facilitate or perhaps impede putting such studies into practice in different institutions throughout the country. Additionally, I provide an account of the main objects of study that have contributed to configuring original, committed field research under the conditions of exclusion and marginality that women face on a daily basis. 相似文献
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