Human thermal climates of Australia

Apart from early studies by Griffith Taylor, very little work has been carried out to describe the variety of thermal environments experienced by man in Australia. Previous studies are reviewed and new models are developed to quantify energy exchanges at specific times of the year within a continuum of possible responses to maintain homeothermy. Maps are presented of cold and heat stress to naked man, of work rates to achieve neutrality, and of clothing insulation requirements. Estimates are also made of primary energy inputs necessary to reach comfortable indoor temperatures by space heating and cooling within standard housing. It is further suggested that the success of settlement is associated with the relevance of human responses to the thermal environment.