藏族传统生态文明与藏族聚居区的生态法治建设

我国藏族聚居区生态环境的特殊性导致了其生态法治不仅需要先进的立法技术支持,更需要发掘藏族传统生态文明的"本土资源",尤其是藏族传统生态文明中所蕴含的生态规律等理性因素,这对解决当代藏族聚居区生态法治中的"高原反应"与内在伦理支持的缺失有着重要的现实意义。只有形成藏族聚居区传统生态文明与生态法治建设的深层脉动,才能真正解决其生态法治问题的"病源",构建具有藏族聚居区特色的生态法治,进而维护藏族聚居区的生态安全。     

安徽定远池河太平桥的历史及其文物价值

池河太平桥有六百多年的历史,历经多次毁坏、重建以及维修,至今仍跨于池河之上。它曾对南北交通发挥过重要的作用,但现已险象环生。本文通过梳理地方志,以及著名桥梁专家茅以升、唐寰澄等对此桥的记载和研究,探析该桥的建造与维修的历史,并从自然因素、人为因素以及观念因素三个方面分析其目前面临险境的原因。同时,发掘其科技以及文物价值,以期为池河太平桥的维修和保护工作提供参考。     

Empowering the Local Saharawi People: Training for Rock Art Documentation in Western Sahara (DARSSO Project)

The former Spanish Sahara is the last remaining colony in Africa. Most of the local people have been living in refugee camps in Algeria for the last 40 years and this situation has largely conditioned the archaeological research in the territory for a long time. In spite of the Saharawi Ministry of Culture in exile occasionally collaborating with European academic institutions for the study of its huge archaeological heritage, the training of local archaeologists or initiatives exclusively aimed at targeting the self-management of the Saharawi Archaeology are rarely carried out. This could be due to the difficulties in getting funds for long-term projects in this area, among other factors. However, today’s technological revolution has come to the desert including mobile telephones, televisions, computers and even an incipient Internet connection. At the same time, current digital technology has encouraged the development of new methods of documenting rock paintings, which might be appropriate and more accessible for the Saharawi technicians. This paper discusses the successful and failed aspects, as well as future perspectives, of a training course in rock art documentation intended for empowering local archaeologists who are living in very unfavourable circumstances.     

Assessing the relationship between physician availability and viral load suppression in British Columbia

In 2014, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS set the target of dramatically reducing the burden of HIV through expansion of access to timely HIV treatment. In order to achieve this target, it is necessary to expand access to care along the HIV cascade of care. This study examines the relationship between viral suppression and the availability of physicians providing HIV treatment in British Columbia, Canada. Data from the Drug Treatment Program of the British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS was analyzed. The floating catchment method was used to assess physician availability and multivariable logistic regression was used to implement a confounder selection technique to independently assess the relationship between physician availability and viral load suppression. Individuals with more than 25 physicians within a one‐hour catchment were more likely to reside in urban areas and almost twice as likely to have a suppressed viral load (adjusted odds ratio: 1.97; 95% CI 1.50 – 2.58). This study highlights the impact of physicians’ availability on viral load levels. Mapping technology was used to identify the locations in which patients were most impacted by the lack of physicians.     

元刻孤本《秋堂邵先生文集》作者考

中国国家图书馆藏元刻孤本《秋堂邵先生文集》,是一部罕见元人诗集,收诗225首。由于该书仅残存卷二至卷五,且阙失作者名字,因而长期被学术界忽视,也为《全元诗》所失收。该书递经明代晋藩、清代内府、清末民初藏书家刘启瑞、傅增湘等收藏,可谓流传有绪。经考证,作者应当是元人王旭的友人,名不详,字伯诚,号秋堂,山西泽州人。出生于蒙古太宗七年(1235),至元七年(1270)岁贡生,任职中书省兵刑部长达十馀年,于至元二十一年辞职后,游宦于江西、浙江、山东等地,负责赋税、盐业等繁剧的吏事。邵秋堂是元初儒吏作家的代表人物,《秋堂邵先生文集》具有重要的文献与文学价值。     

晚清劝善思想中儒家与宗教关系的新转向 ——以江南善士余治为中心的考察

学界普遍将晚清善士余治置于以晚明袁黄为开端的江南劝善系谱之中,但这与余治的自我定位及实际情况存在出入,通过考察余治劝善思想中儒家与宗教的互动关系,可以发现,与明末清初劝善运动中儒学的宗教化转向相比,晚清地方儒者的劝善活动则表现出在民间信仰中强调儒家主导地位的新动向,这与清末民初的救世团体及康有为的孔教运动之间存在某种思想关联.对余治劝善思想中这一面向的考察,有助于在更为广阔的思想和时代背景之下重新思考儒家与宗教的关系问题.     

The working and living conditions of college-educated rural migrants in China

In the past one and a half decades, Chinese cities have witnessed an influx of college-educated rural migrants. Until now, there has been little systematic research on the working and living conditions of this growing population. The objective of this paper is to empirically examine similarities and differences in living conditions between college-educated rural migrants, non-college-educated rural migrants, and local urban workers. The data are from the 2010 National Health and Family Planning Commission Survey of China’s migrant population. Our study has produced several findings. First, the monthly income of college-educated rural migrants is significantly higher than that of non-college-educated rural migrants and is similar to that of college-educated local urban workers. However, less-educated rural migrants earn more than local urban workers with similar levels of education. Second, while college-educated rural migrants work fewer hours than non-college-educated rural migrants, they work longer hours than their local urban counterparts. Third, local urban workers receive greater social benefits than college-educated rural migrants, whose benefits are better than those of non-college-educated rural migrants. Overall, while college-educated rural migrants enjoy more favourable working and living conditions than non-college-educated rural migrants, they remain disadvantaged when compared to urban workers with a similar level of education. These findings highlight the insurmountable institutionalised exclusion and discrimination that imposes significant barriers on rural-origin people to reap the benefits of higher education.     

A Spectral-Acceleration-Based Linear Combination-Type Earthquake Intensity Measure for High-Rise Buildings

With the consideration of higher modes, an attempt is made to develop a spectral-acceleration-based linear combination-type earthquake intensity measure (IM) for high-rise buildings. The modal mass participation factors are determined to take weighting coefficients. A parametric analysis on the correlation between IM and the maximum interstory drift that utilizes the bend-shear coupled continuum model yields a bilinear relationship between the optimal number of modes involved and structural fundamental period. The proposed IM and several other combination-type IMs are shown to be efficient and sufficient, while the scaling robustness of the proposed IM is more stable compared with that of fundamental-mode-based IMs.     

Characteristics of CO2‐driven cold‐water geyser,Crystal Geyser in Utah: experimental observation and mechanism analyses

Geologic carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an option for reducing CO₂ emissions, but leakage to the surface is a risk factor. Natural CO₂ reservoirs that erupt from abandoned oil and gas holes leak to the surface as spectacular cold geysers in the Colorado Plateau, United States. A better understanding of the mechanisms of CO₂‐driven cold‐water geysers will provide valuable insight about the potential modes of leakage from engineered CCS sites. A notable example of a CO₂‐driven cold‐water geyser is Crystal Geyser in central Utah. We investigated the fluid mechanics of this regularly erupting geyser by instrumenting its conduit with sensors and measuring pressure and temperature every 20 sec over a period of 17 days. Analyses of these measurements suggest that the timescale of a single‐eruption cycle is composed of four successive eruption types with two recharge periods ranging from 30 to 40 h. Current eruption patterns exhibit a bimodal distribution, but these patterns evolved during past 80 years. The field observation suggests that the geyser's eruptions are regular and predictable and reflect pressure and temperature changes resulting from Joule–Thomson cooling and endothermic CO₂ exsolution. The eruption interval between multiple small‐scale eruptions is a direct indicator of the subsequent large‐scale eruption.     

The Business Lives of Wangdu and Lodran in Lhasa

In a travel guide about Lhasa, it tells us ＂Dongzesur Antique Shop on the southeast side of the Barkhor Street contains many ancient articles. Wangdu and his wife Lodran are recognized as nice people. Even though you may not plan to buy anything, it still deserves a visit.＂ What the guide talks about is the Dongzesur Antique Shop run by the Tibetan peasant businessmen, Wangdu and Lodran.