“弓形器”用途与来源再考

在商周青铜器中弓形器是较为常见的器物之一,为其定名、究其用途,历来学者有不同的看法.本文依据田野考古、传世文献和历史学的有关资料,并结合以前学者所考证的成果,认为弓形器是商周时期贵族辅弓用的工具,即所谓的弼.     

苏州地区周代土墩的发掘与研究

2008年全国文物普查工作以来,苏州市考古研究所在苏州地区西北部70余座山脉发现土墩300多座。土墩均分布在山脊上,有一山一墩、一山多墩以及一山数十墩,大多为西周中期至春秋战国时期的文化遗存。按结构可分为石室土墩与土墩墓:前者为一墩一室,有军事、祭祀、居住、墓葬等多种用途;后者均为墓葬,大多为竖穴墓,有一墩一墓和一墩多墓。墓葬规模和出土文物显示,墓葬大多为吴(越)墓葬,亦有楚墓,其中吴国王陵中存在的盗掘与毁墓现象,应与越国和楚国的报复性挖掘有关。     

“乞休”与“挂冠”:晚明弃官现象与政治文化嬗变

在明代君臣关系中,君权一直处于强势地位,并左右着官员进退。明中后期,这种情况出现了微妙的变化。时值万历朝出现大范围缺官,以京官为首的文官群体以此为契机,引发了群体性的致仕乞休现象,不惜以影响政府的正常运作为代价,孤立皇帝,从而扭转了在致仕问题上长期处于被动的局面,并由此引发了官员对于君臣关系、权力分配及仕隐哲学的再思考,影响了主流舆论的变化以及政治力量在中央与地方之间的转移等。这种主动弃官的现象所折射出的理性精神和反传统思想在一定程度上催生了晚明政治文化的进步因子,并为中国日后具有近代意义的民主政治发展奠定了基础。     

FORESTATION PROJECT IN SHIGATSE PREFECTURE

Tlbetan legend has it that many years ago the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was originally an extensive ocean.One day,a vicious fiveheaded dragon entered this ocean and brought catastrophe to all local creatures.So Heaven sent five fairies to conquer the vicious dragon.Forming a long-term strategy to prevent any catastrophe which might be brought about by the vicious dragon,the five fairies forced the ocean to retreat and converted the eastern part of what was once the ocean to a primitive forest and the western...     

古代水利工程与水利遗产现状调查

中国特有的地理位置和自然环境决定了水利是中华民族生存、发展的必然选择。可以说,水利与中华文明同时起源,并贯穿于其整个经济社会发展进程中。在漫长的历史时期,历代各朝都将兴水利、除水害作为头等国事,兴建了各类水利工程,留下了大量具有重要科学价值的水利文化遗产。这些遗产中不仅有水利工程设施这样的物质文化遗产,还有治水理念、水管理文化、农村防洪抗旱灌溉互助合作制度等非物质文化遗产,     

宁夏固原西郊汉墓出土摇钱树及相关问题研究

宁夏固原一座汉代墓葬中出土了一件青铜鎏金摇钱树,枝叶上有朱雀等祥兽与人物雕塑,表现了四灵、乐舞杂技与西玉母神话等图像内容,对研究汉代摇钱树的内涵与分布影响有一定意义。     

合浦汉墓出土绿柱石宝石珠饰的科学分析

采用便携式拉曼光谱仪对广西合浦出土的新莽(8—23年)和东汉(25—220年)晚期的宝石珠饰进行了原位无损分析,新发现了一批在外观上极易被误认为各色水晶的绿柱石族矿物(如海蓝宝石和透绿柱石)制作而成的浅蓝色和无色透明珠饰。利用手持式显微镜对绿柱石宝石珠饰的穿孔形状、孔径大小及其内部微痕特征进行了观察分析,参考南亚和东南亚同时期石质珠饰的钻孔工艺及钻具研究成果,认为这批绿柱石珠饰采用了钻石钻头双面对钻钻孔工艺。结合南亚地区宝石资源、出土绿柱石宝石珠饰及其钻孔工艺和加工作坊等情况,认为这批绿柱石宝石珠饰是由南亚经海上丝绸之路输入的舶来品。研究结果为探讨汉代中国南方与南亚和东南亚的经济和文化交流提供了有益信息,有助于提高对古代海上丝绸之路这一贸易网络在传播珍贵物品的认识。     

From Nihewan to Zhoukoudian: Cultural Evolution Pattern in the Paleolithic Age of Northern China

Nihewan and Zhoukoudian are important areas where early humans and cultures originated and reproduced in northern China and even East Asia. Geologically, both site groups belong to the Haihe River valley; chronologically, the Nihewan sites date to ca. 1.7 million years ago, and the Zhoukoudian sites date to ca. 0.5 million years ago; and culturally, both are dominated by the small-flake-tool culture. Thus, it is speculated that the early culture in the Zhoukoudian sites came from the migrants from the Nihewan Basin who facilitated cultural diffusion in the area; in turn, it also affected the culture in the Nihewan area during the subsequent development. This paper proposes the development path of the Paleolithic culture in northern China, that is, early humans in this region roughly experienced three stages of subsistence from lake-dependent to cave-dependent and then to river-dependent.     

Notice of the Proceedings at the Monthly Meetings of the Archæological Institute

The English glass industry adopted coal as a fuel at the beginning of the seventeenth century, the consequent reduction in costs enabling sales and production to increase. From a minor forest industry, glass manufacture became an important part of the coalfield economy, with innovative furnace structures forming striking features in the eighteenth-century urban landscape. Recent archaeological investigation has shown that glass-works have left significant survivals on subsequently redeveloped sites, in the form of underground flues and furnace bases, and residues from processes.     

地理环境对贵州人特质的影响

笔者以“地理环境与人的关系”的观点,从历史的角度来解析地理环境对贵州人人格特质的影响。