用于铜器保护的缓蚀剂的检验标准

本研究的目的在于利用一种新的定量腐蚀检验标准对工业上应用的铜缓蚀剂作出评价，关于2-氨基嘧啶(AP)、2-氨基-5-巯基-1，3，4-噻重唑(AMT)、苯并三氮唑(BTA)、5，6-二甲基苯并咪唑(DB)、2-巯基苯并咪唑(MBI)、2-巯基苯并氮唑(MBO)、2-巯基嘧啶(MP)和2-巯基苯并噻唑(MBT)的缓蚀效果已经制定出来。     

Exploring scale-dependent correlations between cancer mortality rates using factorial kriging and population-weighted semivariograms

This article presents a geostatistical methodology that accounts for spatially varying population size in the processing of cancer mortality data. The approach proceeds in two steps: (1) spatial patterns are first described and modeled using population-weighted semivariogram estimators, (2) spatial components corresponding to nested structures identified on semivariograms are then estimated and mapped using a variant of factorial kriging. The main benefit over traditional spatial smoothers is that the pattern of spatial variability (i.e., direction-dependent variability, range of correlation, presence of nested scales of variability) is directly incorporated into the computation of weights assigned to surrounding observations. Moreover, besides filtering the noise in the data, the procedure allows the decomposition of the structured component into several spatial components (i.e., local versus regional variability) on the basis of semivariogram models. A simulation study demonstrates that maps of spatial components are closer to the underlying risk maps in terms of prediction errors and provide a better visualization of regional patterns than the original maps of mortality rates or the maps smoothed using weighted linear averages. The proposed approach also attenuates the underestimation of the magnitude of the correlation between various cancer rates resulting from noise attached to the data. This methodology has great potential to explore scale-dependent correlation between risks of developing cancers and to detect clusters at various spatial scales, which should lead to a more accurate representation of geographic variation in cancer risk, and ultimately to a better understanding of causative relationships.     

五、孔庙的建筑文化和匾额文化

1、建筑文化 　　孔庙不论大小,其共性建筑必备.孔庙的固定建筑,有万仞宫墙,棂星门、大成门、大成殿、两庑、泮池、崇圣祠、明伦堂等,这无论是作为国庙的曲阜孔庙,还是分布于全国各地的学庙都无一例外.……     

俄国的新疆研究史

现在学术界拥有大量关于东方的研究资料,其中包括研究辽阔的新疆地区的文献。19世纪后半叶,亚洲、欧洲的一些人相继前往新疆,所以关于这一地区的研究资料大多是在那时获得的。1857年德国旅行家 A·施拉金特魏特开通了从克什米尔经叶尔羌前往喀什噶尔的路线。1865年英国大地测量学专家约翰逊经昆仑山抵和田,然后到克里雅河。1863年～1869年英国旅行家罗伯特·肖和海沃德曾在喀什噶尔探察。一年后,Д·福赛斯率英国首批使团抵达喀