"Hats off, gentlemen, to our Australian mothers!" Representations of white femininity in North Queensland in the early twentieth century

This paper examines some representations of the anxiety and uncertainty about "white woman's place" in tropical North Queensland that were present in medical and general discourse in the early twentieth century. It focuses on white women's work in the private sphere as both the source of and the solution to these anxieties. Although 'White Australia' had been legislatively established in the "public sphere" by the 1920s, through the passage of the Queensland Aboriginal Protection Act of 1897, and the Commonwealth Immigration Restriction Act of 1901, in the tropics there was still public concern about how it would be established in the "private sphere". This was because even though the conventional wisdom that a white man could not work in the tropics and remain healthy had been successfully challenged by the early twentieth century, the same could not be said about such wisdom as it applied to white women and children. This paper looks at some of the ways that ideologies of race and gender intersected in the early twentieth century to construct white women and children as a group that could bring down the successful establishment of "White Australia", and this group was specially targeted for surveillance by the "new experts" of medicine, sociology and domestic science.     

Late Middle and Early Upper Paleolithic Evidence from the East European Plain and Caucasus: A New Look at Variability,Interactions, and Transitions

This paper presents analyses of Late Middle Paleolithic (LMP) and Early Upper Paleolithic (EUP) material from the East European Plain and Caucasus. Late Middle Paleolithic industries show a highly variable pattern, although they are formally ascribed to a limited number of technocomplexes. Many of the LMP industries, especially in the Crimea, survived to the time of the transition to the Upper Paleolithic, but data suggesting a local origin of EUP are extremely rare. The transition is generally dated between 32/30,000 and 26/24,000 years, while the most crucial changes coincide with the Stillfried B interstadial. Aurignacian (two variants), Gravettian, and Transitional industries are recognized in the EUP. The presence of Middle Paleolithic traits in the Aurignacian may indicate acculturation, while the Transitional industries might reflect either acculturation or independent local development of new technologies, raising the possibility of local transformation of some Middle Paleolithic into non-Aurignacian EUP industries.     

Reviews

THE MAKING OP FOREIGN POLICY: AN ANALYSIS OF DECISION‐MAKING. Joseph Frankel London, Oxford University Press, 1963. Pp. xi, 231. Australian price 57/9d.

THE UNITED NATIONS RECONSIDERED. Raymond A. Moore, Jr. (Ed.). University of South Carolina Press, 1963. Pp. xii + 158.

ARMED FORCES IN PEACE TIME: BRITAIN, 1918–1940, A CASE STUDY. Robin Higham. London, G. T. Foulis, 1962. Pp. xi + 332. Stg. £3/3/‐.

ECONOMIC SYSTEMS OF THE COMMONWEALTH. Calvin B. Hoover (ed.). Cambridge University Press for Duke University Press, 1963. Pp. x + 538. Stg. 37/6.

SPEARHEADS OF DEMOCRACY: LABOR IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. George C. Lodge. For the Council on Foreign Relations. New York, Harper & Row, 1962. $4.50.

POLITICS IN SOUTHERN ASIA. Saul Rose (ed.). London, Macmillan, 1963. Pp. 386. Australian price 52/‐.

CAMBODIA AND NEUTRALITY. Michael Leifer. 1962. Pp. 51.

DOCUMENTS ON THE AUGUST 1945 REVOLUTION IN VIETNAM: trans. C. Kiriloff; edit. Rima Rathausky. 1963. Pp. 70.

THE COLOMBO PLAN: SOME POLITICAL ASPECTS. L. P. Singh. 1963. Pp. 57.

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE SETTLEMENT OF THE LAOTION QUESTION 1961–62. George Modelski. 1962. Pp. 156.

ARGENTINA. George Pendle. For the Royal Institute of International Affairs. London, Oxford University Press, 1963. Third edition. Pp. xii + 211. Price in Australia 41/6d.

BRITISH GUIANA. Raymond T. Smith. For the Royal Institute of International Affairs. London, Oxford University Press, 1962. Pp. viii + 218. Price in Australia 41/6d.

VENEZUELA. Edwin Lieuwen. For the Royal Institute of International Affairs. London, Oxford University Press, 1961. Pp. x + 193. Price in Australia 41/6d.

EXCESS AND RESTRAINT. Ronald M. Berndt. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1963. $8.95.