Research article

The Peace Mission Movement, an American intentional religious community founded by the Revd M. J. Divine, also known as “Father Divine,” expressed through an intentional use of architecture their own quest for a utopian perfection of consciousness in America. What is especially significant about this expression of perfection is that they did not seek it by building environments of their own creation. Instead, the movement and its leader created a unique religious vernacular architecture not by architectural design, but by a spiritualised appropriation of existing spaces. Through purchasing, restoring, re‐using, and preserving many different types of American domestic and commercial structures, Father Divine and his followers developed a theology of material culture and historic preservation that expressed a major theological perspective of their belief system—to spiritualise the material and to materialise the spiritual—all in the service of God and for the transformation of human nature.     

A British high commissioner for Canada, 1927–28

Trade and Politics in a Shona Kingdom: The Manyika and their Portuguese and African Neighbours, 1575–1902 by H.H.K. Bhila. Salisbury: Longman, 1982. Pp. xvi + 291, maps; £7.lb50.

Indo‐Portuguese History: Sources and Problems edited by John Correia‐Afonso. Bombay: Oxford University Press India, 1981. Pp. xii + 201; £7.lb75.

The Sack of Panama by Peter Earle. London: Jill Norman &; Hobhouse, 1981. Pp. 304, maps and illus.; £9.lb95.

Scotus Americanus: A Survey of the Sources for Links between Scotland and America in the 18th Century by William R. Brock. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1982. Pp. viii + 293; £10.00.

The Great Map of Mankind: British Perceptions of the World in the Age of Enlightenment by P.J. Marshall and Glyndwr Williams. London: J.M. Dent, 1982. Pp. 314; £16.lb50.

Slavery, War and Revolution: The British Occupation of Saint Domingue 1793–1798 by David Geggus. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982. Pp. xii + 492, maps; £28.lb00.

The Peopling of Newfoundland. Essays in Historical Geography edited by John J. Mannion. St John's; Institute of Social and Economic Research, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1977. Pp. x + 289, maps, tables, illus.; $12.lb50.

Delhi Between Two Empires 1803–1931: Society, Government and Urban Growth by Narayani Gupta. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1981. Pp. xiv + 260, maps, illu's.; Rs. 90.

The Other Side of the Frontier: An Interpretation of the Aboriginal Response to the Invasion and Settlement of Australia by Henry Reynolds. Townsville: James Cook University, 1981. Pp. 261; $A 7.lb50.

The Politics of Eastern Cape Separatism, 1820–1854 by Basil A. Le Cordeur. Cape Town: Oxford University Press, 1981. Pp. viii + 314, maps, illus.; NP.

Rule Britannia: The Victorian Navy; by Peter Padfield. London: Routledge &; Kegan Paul, 1981. Pp. 246, illus.; £8.lb95.

Studies in the History of Plateau State, Nigeria edited by E. Isichei. London: Macmillan, 1982. Pp. xvi + 288, maps and illus.; £25.lb00.

Varieties of Christian Experience in Nigeria edited by Elizabeth Isichei. London: Macmillan, 1982. Pp. xi + 211, map and illus.; £17.lb50.

Britain and the War for the Union, by Brian Jenkins. Montreal and London: McGill‐Queen's University Press, 2 vols., 1974 and 1980. Pp. 315, 470; $17.lb50 and $26.lb50.

Egypt for the Egyptians! The Socio‐political Crisis in Egypt 1878–82 by Alexander Schölch. London: Ithaca Press (for the Middle East Centre, St. Antony's College, Oxford), 1981. Pp.xiv + 386, maps; £14.50.

Gentlemen Emigrants. From the British Public Schools to the Canadian Frontier by Patrick A. Dunae. Vancouver: Douglas &; McIntyre, 1981. Pp. 276; NP.

The Far Eastern Telegraphs. The History of Telegraphic Communications between the Far East, Europe and America before the First World War by Jorma Ahvenainen. Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 1981. Pp. 226, maps and illus.; NP.

Anglo‐Russian Rivalry in Central Asia: 1810–1885 by Gerald Morgan, with an epilogue by Geoffrey Wheeler. London: Frank Cass, 1981. Pp. xix + 264, maps; £15.

Imperialism. The Idea and Reality of British and French Colonial Expansion, 1880–1914 by Winfried Baumgart. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982. Pp. xii + 239; cloth £15.lb00, paper £5.lb95.

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Sind Through the Centuries by Hamida Khuhro (ed.). Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1981. Pp. xvi + 301, 23 plates; £17.lb00.     

Imperial Rome and Britain's Language of Empire 1600–1837

Britain's pre-Victorian overseas expansion stimulated Roman comparisons. But imperial Rome was a warning as much as an inspiration to future empires, a harsh and uncomfortable model for Britain as a former Roman colony. Roman dignity was claimed for British monarchs and achievements by Dryden and others. But there were mixed feelings about identifying expanding Britain as a second Roman Empire. In the eighteenth century the British freedom-fighter Caractacus, defeated by the Romans, appealed far more to popular taste than Virgil's Aeneas or the Emperor Augustus. Sustained unease about imperial Rome, going right back to Tacitus, anticipated the liberal critique of imperialism of some Victorian and Edwardian commentators.