排序方式: 共有96条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
82.
Florence Cattin Barbara Guénette-Beck Philippe Curdy Nicolas Meisser Stefan Ansermet Beda Hofmann Rainer Kündig Vera Hubert Marie Wörle Kathrin Hametner Detlef Günther Adrian Wichser Andrea Ulrich Igor M. Villa Marie Besse 《Journal of archaeological science》2011
Ten Early Bronze Age (BzA1, 2200–2000 BC) copper artefacts from the central Valais region from Switzerland were studied for their elemental composition and lead isotope ratios. In order to answer the archaeological question of a local copper supply, a database for copper minerals across the Valais (Switzerland) has been established. This database contains 69 data on lead isotope ratios as well as additional information on the minerals and geochemical associations for copper minerals from 38 locations in the Valais. Comparisons of the artefacts were also made with data pertaining to minerals from various deposits from Europe and Anatolia taken from the literature. The provenance of the materials is very diverse. Some of the data are compatible with the data from the copper mineral deposits of the Valais region. Moreover, three copper lunulae were identified as possibly Tuscan, which suggests contacts between Italy and the Valais region. This pattern also establishes a multiplicity of provenances for the metal and cultural influences in the Alpine environment of the Rhone Valley of Switzerland at the beginning of the Early Bronze Age. 相似文献
83.
Serge Nicolas Alessandro Guida Zachary Levine 《Journal of the history of the neurosciences》2014,23(2):140-159
In the nineteenth century, French scientific institutions became interested in young “mental calculators,” arithmetical prodigies able to quickly and accurately perform complex mental calculations. The first scientists to study mental calculators were phrenologists who sought to prove the existence of a calculating organ in the frontal lobe. Paul Broca introduced one such mental calculator, Jacques Inaudi, to the Anthropological Society of Paris in 1880. Broca attributed extraordinary faculty for mental calculation to memory functioning (the psychological hypothesis) rather than physiological difference (the phrenological hypothesis). In 1892, prominent French Academy of Sciences member Jean-Martin Charcot produced a noteworthy study of Inaudi on the organization’s behalf. Charcot observed that Inaudi called upon auditory memory rather than visual memory in his mental calculations, unlike most mental calculators who preceded him. Like Broca, Charcot was skeptical of the phrenological hypothesis, though he noted that Inaudi’s skull was markedly plagiocephalic. Interestingly, anthropological examination of Inaudi is consistent with the themes of modern cognitive neuroscience. Thus, Charcot seems to have anticipated present research on the localization of mental calculation and memory for numbers. 相似文献
84.
Nicolas Zorzin 《Archaeologies》2014,10(2):132-167
Cultural Heritage Management in Victoria has bonded archaeologists and Aboriginal people to the logic of profitability. In this article, I argue that this approach to heritage neutralises and/or discourages any political or social interpretations relevant to aboriginal peoples, and undermines subsequent protest movements. I advocate that archaeology, as it is framed in Victoria, is participating in making the heritage ‘industry’ a profitable activity for Aboriginal communities, giving them an illusion of empowerment, ironically achieved through the destruction of their own non-renewable heritage. This process of commodification is consented to in exchange for financial compensation, presented as the key to emancipation. I intend here to demonstrate that this belief might in reality be detrimental to Aboriginal Australians. 相似文献
85.
86.
87.
Nicolas Florsch M. Llubes F. Téreygeol A. Ghorbani P. Roblet 《Journal of archaeological science》2011,38(2):438-451
When used for archaeological purposes, geophysical methods are often useful for the exploration, detection and mapping of archaeological remains. In the case of ancient metallurgical activities, slag accumulations form precious mineral records of these activities. Evaluating the volume of slag produced in such locations is an important issue, since it enables an estimate of the amount of metal produced in the smeltery. Unfortunately, slags themselves cannot be easily detected by DC electrical methods. Although they can be easily detected using magnetic techniques, these methods do not allow for an estimate of the quantity of slag, because magnetic fields do not conserve magnetic flux. In the present study we show that the Induced Polarization method (IP) is suited to the quantification of buried slags, provided the slag response has been suitably calibrated prior to the field measurements. The ability to quantify the quantity of slag is based on the quasi-linear relationship between the main IP parameter, i.e., the chargeability, and the slag concentration. This approach provides a new, non-invasive tool for the estimation of the volume of buried slag in palaeometallurgical sites.In this paper, an application of this technique for the site of Castel-Minier, Ariège, France, is presented. 相似文献
88.
Francisca Santana-Sagredo Elise Dufour Nicolas Goepfert Antoine Zazzo Régulo Franco Jordán Segundo Vásquez Sánchez 《Environmental Archaeology》2020,25(3):333-352
ABSTRACT Pastoralism and camelid management have been essential to all aspects of pre-Hispanic Andean societies. Here, we present zooarchaeological and isotopic data on domestic camelid remains from Huaca Cao Viejo (El Brujo archaeological complex) on the northern coast of Peru, and dated to the Lambayeque/Sicán period—to characterise their biological age, diet, life history, possible geographic origin and ritual use. Domestic camelids, representing a wide range of biological ages and a high rate of polydactyly, were found as burial offerings in direct association with human funerary bundles (fardos). Direct AMS dates indicated that camelids were buried over a short period of time (AD 1022–1176) confirming the Lambayeque presence in the Chicama Valley during the first half of the Late Intermediate Period. Stable isotopic analyses were carried out on both bone collagen and hair keratin, including incremental analysis. A considerable variability in δ13C values at both the intra-individual and the intra-group level and a large contribution of C4 resources to diet are shown. This clearly supports local management and camelids originating from various herds. Zooarchaeological and isotopic evidences suggest diversity in herding practices and suggest the importance of the herds in fulfilling the transportation demands for trade in goods. 相似文献
89.
Matthieu Le Bailly Nicolas Goepfert Gabriel Prieto John Verano Benjamin Dufour 《Environmental Archaeology》2020,25(3):325-332
ABSTRACT Palaeoparasitological investigation was conducted on a first set of samples from 13 sacrificed domestic camelids recovered from the pre-Hispanic Chimú culture site of Huanchaquito-Las Llamas, Peru. The aim was to establish the animals’ gastrointestinal parasite diversity and enlighten on their health status at the time of their death. To this end, 20 samples of coprolites and intestinal contents were analysed to check for the presence of parasite markers, i.e. preserved eggs and oocysts. Microscopic examinations revealed the presence of five taxa of helminths and protozoans in a majority of the tested animals (61%). Our analysis revealed the presence in some animals of protozoan oocysts belonging to the species Eimeria macusaniensis (phylum Apicomplexa). Our study is the first report of the possible presence of a parasite egg attributed to the order Plagiorchiida (family Fasciolidae) in ancient camelids. This preliminary study shows that there is interesting potential for conducting palaeoparasitological analysis at the site and that such analysis is promising for answering questions about the health status of the Huanchaquito-Las Llamas camelids. 相似文献
90.
Jörg Jewanski Julia Simner Sean A. Day Nicolas Rothen Jamie Ward 《Journal of the history of the neurosciences》2020,29(4):357-384
ABSTRACT At the first ever worldwide international conference of psychology in Paris, 1889, one symposium included a round-table event devoted entirely to the neurodevelopmental condition of synesthesia. Details of this seminal gathering on synesthesia and its international reception have been lost to historical obscurity. A synesthesia study committee emerged from this meeting, as well as a new research tool. Moreover, the scientific findings discussed during this symposium would be echoed over a hundred years later, when a new wave of synesthesia research in the late-twentieth century arose. This article sheds new light on this seminal gathering and aims to answer the following historical questions: Why was synesthesia included in this conference? What science was discussed? Who were the members of the committee and how did they come to be involved? What were their contributions to synesthesia research before, during, and after the conference? What has history shown us about the impact of this symposium on the science of synesthesia? 相似文献