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Jun He 《Development and change》2020,51(1):73-93
Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) is an innovative initiative to use market instruments for conservation that has spread across the world since the late 1990s. In assessing the efficiency and effectiveness of PES initiatives, global scholarship has focused on an outcome-oriented approach. This has led to debate on PES programmes’ contributions to, and the trade-offs between, conservation and development. Taking the Sloping Land Conversion Programme (SLCP) in China as an example, this article uses a process-oriented analytical approach to provide novel understandings of PES as a specific type of development practice. The article shows how notions of equity and justice, local knowledge and local institutions have played a role in shaping the processes and outcomes of the SLCP. The actions of local stakeholders in an interplay with the state created a space for negotiating, adapting and adjusting PES implementation, which eventually contributed to a local development pathway for meeting both national conservation interests and local economic development needs. This indicates that attention to situated agency can help illuminate how PES can be smoothly implemented and effectively negotiated in developing countries. 相似文献
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基于内容分析法的城市历史街区意象研究——以上海衡山路-复兴路历史街区为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文从个性、结构和意蕴这个3个意象理论的基础性构成元素出发,以国内外游客的网络游记、评论等文本为研究材料,采用内容分析法对国内外游客游览过历史街区后产生的意象进行对比分析.研究发现,国内外游客感知到的意象在个性和结构方面存在较大差异.在个性方面,将提取出的特征词归纳为4个主题特征并计算出了4个主题的强度:国内游客对于丰富的历史文化遗存(338.43)和优美的城市景观(377.91)的感知分别高于国外游客(140.32,179.05);而国外游客对于独特的人文风情(400.96)与现代的都市生活(300.96)的感知分别高于国内游客(188.84,254.54).在结构方面,从国内外样本中提取出的高频地名分别为29个和4个,国内游客对于区域的空间感知度明显高于国外游客.意蕴方面,国内外游客差别不大,国内外游客的正面情感数量分别占到各自总数的59%和55%,大多数游客从中获得了较好的旅游体验;但国外样本中的负面情感(16%)高于国内样本中的负面情感(9%).因此,需要针对国内外游客的不同特点,有针对性地对上海历史街区的旅游进行开发. 相似文献
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每个人的旅行方式都不一样。在路上的时候,看上去状态都差不多,可是彼此沟通之后便会发现,无论是上路的理由,还是体验旅行的角度,都是千差万别的。我是一个爱旅行的厨师,爱冒险,爱挑战,曾经骑着摩托车穿越亚洲,也曾在澳大利亚徒手攀岩——岩壁下方的海水里有鲨鱼正伺机而动。 相似文献
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20世纪前半期英美两国总体保持了合作关系,但在霸权争持矛盾的作用下,两国在世界秩序塑造、海上权势分配、战时战略规划、殖民地与势力范围归属以及经贸竞争等一系列问题上发生过激烈冲突。然而,实力上的巨大差距、国际体系的变迁、战争的冲击以及美国渐进并相对克制的崛起方式等因素迫使英国且战且退,于二战后不久完成了向美国转移世界霸权的进程。 相似文献
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对秦兵马俑彩绘保护技术的思考与建议 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
秦陶俑彩绘保护是秦始皇陵保护的重点和难点。对秦兵马俑目前的现状进行全面介绍的基础上分析了损坏的原因,指出损坏是由历史、力学以及物理化学等原因共同造成。然后详细评价了PEG200和聚氨酯(PU)乳液联合处理的保护方法与单体材料渗透、电子束辐照固化(EB)的保护方法,并指出了这两种技术的优势及所存在的问题;还介绍了一些辅助加固技术并详细介绍了冷冻干燥法、盐溶液干燥法以及室温干燥法的原理和操作;之后提出了加固剂制备与陶俑保护一体化的设想、均匀场的设想以及稳定生漆层的设想。 相似文献
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以湘南地区作为研究单元,多元化获取数据,运用“敏感-暴露-适应”分析框架和数理模型评价法对3种类型、6个村落的脆弱程度和致脆因素进行比较研究。结果表明:①务工型强脆弱、工贸型中脆弱、旅游型微脆弱;②旅游型和工贸型属复合E-A致脆类型,务工型属均衡E-A-S致脆类型;③务工型的敏感性远大于其他类型,民俗文化和村落居民是主要敏感因子;④旅游型为强暴露、工贸型为中暴露、务工型为微暴露。城镇化和旅游开发是主要暴露因素;⑤旅游型的适应性最高,工贸型次之,务工型最差;⑥不同类型村落的致脆短板因素差异较大。 相似文献
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the Rev James Raine Jun. 《考古杂志》2013,170(1):372-374
It is rare to find infant or neo-natal burials in the cemeteries of Roman Britain before the fourth century. There is evidence to suggest that it was as a result of the influence of Christianity that these small bodies came to be buried informal or designated cemeteries, rather than merely being disposed of in convenient pits or ditches, or under the floors or just outside the houses in settlements and towns. It would seem that the presence of neo-natal burials given the same burial rites as adults in a west—east cemetery carefully laid out to avoid intersection of graves or disturbance of other burials is a pointer to identification of the cemetery as Christian. 相似文献