“高氏之宝”印章考释

1977年,内蒙古巴林左旗辽上京遗址西北的十三敖包乡水泉村白草洼,出土一枚印文为"高氏之宝"的印章,现藏辽上京博物馆.<辽上京文物撷英>一书辑有此印,并认定为辽代印章①,然殊可商榷,现将"高氏之宝"介绍如下,略作考释.     

陕西传统堡寨聚落类型研究

针对"传统堡寨聚落"这一重要的人类聚落形态,文章选择相关遗存丰富的陕西地区作为研究重点,以典型实例为依托,分别从"自然地理"与"社会人文"两种角度展开分项类型研究,归纳总结各类型的聚落结构特征。揭示出堡寨聚落物质硬防卫与精神软防卫的双重性格。最后,强调指出类型多样的堡寨聚落及其丰富遗存成为陕西地区的特色,应及时针对这一不可再生的文化资源开展的系统研究。     

对匈奴收继婚制度的再探讨--匈奴婚姻制度研究之一

匈奴的婚姻制度较为复杂,收继婚是其最具特色的婚姻制度之一。史籍中匈奴的收继婚只笼统概述为“父死,妻其后母;兄弟死,尽取其妻妻之”,实际上,它有着相当严格的法则和收继顺序。同时,匈奴的收继婚不仅是一种婚姻制度,而且还是匈奴身份继承制度的重要组成部分和一种赡养制度。     

宁明花山岩画病害图像的全图分析与研究

宁明花山岩画是公元前5世纪至公元2世纪壮族先民骆越人绘制在崖壁上的古老历史画卷,是当时人们进行宗教活动的遗迹,具有重要的历史、文化和艺术价值。经过2000多年的历史变迁,在地质因素与自然环境因素作用下,宁明花山岩画产生了诸如岩体开裂、钟乳石覆盖、剥落、褪色等一系列病害,造成部分岩画图像残缺模糊、漫患不清,严重影响到画面的完整性,给研究工作带来很大困难。本研究主要参考字画修复中"全色"和"接笔"两种方法,从艺术学角度对受病害侵蚀的残损岩画图像展开"全图",旨在最大限度地还原岩画图像的原貌。研究成果对于了解骆越先民的作画意图、研究画面信息、分析岩画图像的组合方式意义重大,为日后岩画的复原工作提供基本的分析评估资料,也为类似岩画图像的辨识提供技术参考。     

‘Third-class’ Slovak Roma and inclusion: Bricoleurs vs social engineers

This article addresses social inclusion/integration with reference to peripheral Slovak Roma. Based on ethnographic data, it argues that even in communities of so-called ‘unadaptables’, integration has progressed considerably, but not necessarily along the lines envisioned by the agencies which are propelling ‘Roma inclusion’ as a pan-European project. The article considers early motherhood, juvenile prostitution and unconventional municipal politicians as examples of bottom-up inclusion efforts that don’t threaten traditional notions of cultural and political autonomy.     

明清时期京杭运河浅铺研究

浅铺是明清时期京杭运河水利设置与河工组织之一,其主要功能在于疏通运河淤浅,保持运道畅通。历经明清社会之发展,浅铺、浅夫经历了从"铺"到"堡"、由"征发"到"雇募"的过程,这既是漕运制度的革变之需,也是区域社会的应时之变。对区域社会而言,浅铺同时具有两种性质,一种是解决运河淤浅的空间设置,其存在与区域聚落的成长密切相关;另一种是由浅夫组成的"群体"组织,其来源与管理是区域社群生存状况的真实反映。     

试论魏晋隋唐时期的宗族政策

魏晋南北朝时期,既是中古宗族势力发展的顶点,也是其由盛而衰的转折点。各王朝在巩固与发展的过程中,一方面虽然必须借助于宗族与士族势力的支持;另一方面,它们都与异己的宗族与士族势力进行着强力的较量,并开始清理宗族势力在乡村社会中的根基。就其宗族政策而言,魏晋以依托为主,南北朝以收拢为主;收拢之力度南不如北。至隋唐时期,旧式宗族逐渐消解,新式宗族开始登上历史舞台,隋唐王朝则从制度上完成了对宗族这一社会力量的有效分解与钳制。在隋唐宗族政策的冲击下,中古宗族的政治与军事功能逐渐消退,经济互助功能以及血缘凝聚力的效能与影响明显逊于前代,宗族威权发生蜕变,开始了向近古新型宗族的演进。     

秦汉社会的木炭生产和消费

秦汉时期,木炭作为主要燃料之一,被广泛使用于民众生活以及手工业生产领域如冶金、制陶、煮盐等诸多方面。规模巨大的木炭用度,造成了林木资源的过度破坏,进而引发了严重的生态效应。两汉社会生态恶化以及自然灾害频发,与此有密切关联。     

Chemical analysis of white porcelains from the Ding Kiln site, Hebei Province, China

The Ding kilns were some of the most famous early kilns of medieval China, producing huge quantities of white and cream-white porcelains of outstanding technical and aesthetic quality. Since 1949 they have been excavated three times, in 1965, in 1987, and in 2009 respectively. In this latest study 69 white porcelain sherds from assured contexts and from the 2009 excavations were analyzed using laser ablation techniques (ICP-AES). The samples date from Five Dynasties, Northern Song and Jin Dynasties respectively (early 10^th to early 13^th C CE). The results show that Ding wares of different times show different characteristics that can be demonstrated through chemical composition. During the early phase of production the Ding ware bodies consisted largely of high firing kaolinitic clays with predominantly calcareous materials as fluxes. After the early Northern Song Dynasty, some calcareous material was replaced by a more potassic material. The compositions of the glazes show a parallel evolution to the bodies. However, because the glazes are very low in titania it seems unlikely that the main clay ingredients of the bodies could have been used in the glaze recipes. For much of the kiln site’s history the glazes appear to have been made mainly from the same siliceous flux-rich materials that had been blended with the main body-clays used to make the Ding ware porcelains, plus some extra calcareous material. The P₂O₅ contents of the glazes suggest that wood ash may have been one source of CaO in the glaze recipes.     

秦汉时期“赘婿”和“女户”的综合考察

秦汉时期,"赘婿"和"女户"作为独特的社会群体长期存在。学者们关于赘婿方面的研究已较为深入,女户方面的研究著作和论文也是甚多,但都没有把这两个群体结合起来做考察的,笔者认为只有把赘婿和女户做综合考察才能较全面的阐释当时社会形态下的历史内涵。秦汉时期依附于女户的赘婿群体社会地位低下,官府视其等同罪人。女户主的相关权益则受到明确保护。西汉后期随着儒家学说统治地位的确立、三纲五常伦理观念的普及以及女子社会地位的下降,赘婿逐渐从正史的记载中淡出。