State strength and capitalist weakness: Manufacturing capital and the Tariff Board's attack on McEwenism, 1967–74

In order to test a number of propositions drawn from recent theories of the state, this paper examines power relationships between manufacturing capital and the state at the federal level of Australian politics during a period of tariff policy reformism between 1967 and 1974. The paper finds limitations to the ‘privileged position of business’ argument of Lindblom, but affirms a more historically dynamic model of state‐capital relations developed independently in the work of Block and Vogel. The paper also affirms the general perspective developed by recent neo‐Weberian theorists regarding the potential for independent state initiative. It is argued that such a perspective is consistent with important aspects of neo‐Marxist ‘relative autonomy’ of the state arguments. Indeed, an important facet of this paper is designed to show, through historical analysis, the conditions under which states within capitalist societies may come to have the autonomy and the capacity to resist important sectors of capital during efforts to restructure the economy.     

Reviews

Henry Mayer and Liz Kirby, ARGAP 2: A second Research Guide to Australian Politics and Cognate Subjects, Melbourne, Longman Cheshire, 1984, pp. 254. $39.95 (paper)

Patrick Weller, First Among Equals: Prime Ministers in Westminster Systems, Sydney, Allen & Unwin, 1985, pp. 228. $14.95 (cloth)

Kosmas Tsokhas, A Class Apart? Businessmen and Australian Politics 1960–1980, Melbourne, Oxford University Press, 1984, pp. xvii, 197. $25.00 (cloth)

H. P. Lee, Emergency Powers, Sydney, Law Book Company, 1984, pp. 334. $50.00 (cloth)

Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, Aborigines and Uranium: Consolidated Report to the Minister for Aboriginal Affairs on the Social Impact of Uranium on the Aborigines of the Northern Territory, Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1984, pp. 318. $15.40 (paper)

Tim Duncan and John Fogarty, Australia and Argentina: On Parallel Paths, Melbourne, Melbourne University Press, 1985, pp. 203. $22.50 (paper)

Gil Duthie, I Had 50,000 Bosses: Memoirs of a Labor Backbencher, 1946–1975, Sydney, Angus and Robertson, 1984, pp.366. $14.95 (paper)

Sidney Sax, A Strife of Interests: Politics and Policies in Australian Health Services, Sydney, Allen & Unwin, 1984, pp.274. $14.95 (paper)

Roger Milliss, Serpent's Tooth, Ringwood, Penguin, 1984, pp.482. $9.95 (paper)

P. Dwyer, B. Wilson, R. Woock, Confronting School and Work: Youth and Class Cultures in Australia, Sydney, Allen & Unwin, 1984, pp. 175, $10.95 (paper)

Roy Kriegler and Grant Stendal (eds), At Work: Australian Experiences, Sydney, Allen & Unwin in association with National Institute of Labour Studies, 1984, pp.228. $9.95 (paper)

Peter Loveday and Dean Jaensch (eds), A Landslide Election. The NT 1983, Darwin, Australian National University North Australia Research Unit Monograph, 1984, pp.86. $8.00 (paper)

Bruce McCallum, The Public Service Manager: An introduction to personnel management in the Australian Public Service, Melbourne, Longman Cheshire, 1984, pp.450, $19.95.

A. Kouzmin, J.R. Nethercote, Roger Wettenhall, (eds), Australian Commonwealth Administration 1983: Essays in Review, Canberra, Canberra C. A.E., 1984, pp.230, $20.00.

Dennis Woodward, Andrew Parkin, John Summers (eds), Government, Politics and Power in Australia, 3rd edition, Melbourne, Longman Cheshire, 1985, pp xiii + 373 (paperback).

Drew Cottle (ed.), Capital Essays, Sydney, General Studies Department, University of New South Wales, 1984, pp.104. $7.00 (paper)

G. S. Reid (ed), The Role of Upper Houses Today, Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Workshop of the Australasian Study of Parliament Group, 1983, pp.180, n.p.a.

R. A. Herr (ed.), Party Committees: The Implications For Parliament. Proceedings of the Third Special Workshop of the Australasian Study of Parliament Group, 1983, pp.115, n.p.a.

Dean Jaensch and Max Teichmann, The Macmillan Dictionary of Australian Politics, Second Edition, Melbourne, Macmillan, 1984, pp. 236. $12.95 (paper)

David Green and Lawrence Cromwell, Multual Aid or Welfare State: Australia's Friendly Societies, Sydney, Allen and Unwin, 1984, pp.229. $11.95 (paper).

Tatchell, M. (ed.) Perspectives in health policy, Health Economics Research Unit, ANU, Canberra, 1984.

Yemon Wright, David Lange, Prime Minister, Wellington, Unwin Paperbacks (with Port Nicholson Press), 1984, pp.146. $10.95 (paper)

Michael Useem, The Inner Circle: Large Corporations and the Rise of Business Political Activity in the United States and the United Kingdom, New York, Oxford University Press, 1984, pp.246. $39.00 (cloth)

Rokuro Hidaka, The Price of Affluence: Dilemmas of Contemporary Japan, Ringwood, Penguin Books, 1985, pp.196. $7.95 (paper)

Masahide Shibusawa, Japan and the Asian‐Pacific Region: Profile of Change, London & Sydney, Croom Helm for the Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1984, pp. 196. $35.95 (cloth)

John Gyford, Local Politics in Britain, Second Edition, London & Canberra, Croom Helm, 1984, pp. 171. $13.95 (paper)

Michael Clyne, Language and Society in the German‐speaking Countries, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1984, pp.205, $46.50. $12.95 (paper)

R. J. May (ed.), Micronationalist Movements in Papua New Guinea, Political and Social Change Monograph 1, Canberra, Department of Political and Social Change, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, 1982, pp. xiv + 486, with maps and photographs. $9.50 (paper)

Arend Lijphart and Bernard Grofman (eds), Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives, New York, Praeger, 1984, pp.269. $32.95 (cloth)

Stuart Harris (ed.), Australia's Antarctic Policy Options, Canberra, Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, 1984, pp.412. $15.95 (paper).

Lily Gardner Feldman, The Special Relationship between West Germany and Israel, Boston & London, Allen and Unwin, 1984, pp.330. $65.00 (cloth)

James P. Piscatori (ed.), Islam in the Political Process, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1983, pp.240. $20.50 (paper)

Ritchie Ovendale, The Origins of the Arab‐Israeli Wars, London, Longman, 1984, pp 232. $16.50 (paper)

Stephen Green, Taking Sides: America's Secret Relations with a Militant Israel, 1948–1967, London and Boston, Faber and Faber, 1984, pp. 370. $29.95 (cloth)

Joseph Camilleri, The State and Nuclear Power, Brighton, Harvester/Wheatsheaf, 1984, pp. 347. $62.50 (cloth)

Brian Martin, Uprooting War, London, Freedom Press, 1984, pp. 298. Australian distributor Canberra Peacemakers, GPO Box 1875, Canberra 2601. $8.00 (paper)

Boris Frankel, Beyond the State? Dominant Theories and Socialist Strategies, London, Mac‐millan, 1983, pp.322. $ 17.95 (paper)

Paul E. Corcoran (ed.), Before Marx: Socialism and Communism in France, 1830–48, London, Macmillan, 1983, pp.237. $60.00 (cloth)

Anthony Brewer, A Guide to Marx's ‘Capital’, London, Cambridge University Press, 1984, pp. 211. $12.50 (paper)

Lynda Birke and Jonathan Silvertown (eds), More than the Parts: Biology and Politics, London and Sydney, Pluto Press, 1984, pp.268. $19.95 (paper)

Peter Wellington (ed.), Civil Liberties 1984, Oxford, Martin Robertson, 1984, pp.379. $49.95 (cloth), $17.95 (paper)

Ellen Frankel Paul, Fred D. Miller, Jr.; and Jeffrey Paul (eds), Human Rights, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1984, pp.175. $16.95 (paper)     

Intergenerational Trust Funds in the Pacific

This paper serves to introduce the topic of intergenerational trust funds and their legal forms in the Pacific. It gives an overview of the nature of these funds, what distinguishes them one from the other, and their strengths and weaknesses from a legal point of view. Intergenerational trust funds started with primarily budget support purposes but have been adapted over the years to serve other purposes, in particular the protection of ecosystems and for climate adaptation and environmental protection and disaster relief. Following a consideration of the structural and operational aspects of some key Pacific funds, the paper concludes with a reflection on practice over the years and identifies what is or should be best practice for such funds.     

REVIEWS

Les Aborigènes Australiens. By A. P. Elkin. n.r.f. Editions Gallimard. Paris, 1967. 51 plates, tables, map. 35 francs.     

Unpacking Central Place Geometry I: Single Level Theoretical k Systems

This paper examines the spatial and potential economic consequences of relaxing the geometrical packing requirement of classical central place theory. Diagrams are used to demonstrate that geometric packing is not necessary to satisfy demand at all discrete points at a given hierarchical level. With unpacked landscapes the same population can be served from fewer, more widely spaced, central places without increasing the length of journey to shop. Consumers have fewer choices in an unpacked landscape, but economies of scale may increase the array of consumer goods and services available. Relaxing the packing requirement allows the development of a range of stable k systems (i.e., further market entry is disallowed). Between the limits of the k = 3 system (Christaller's marketing principle) and the k = 7 system (the sociopolitical or administrative principle), a range of unpacked k systems can develop including a k = 5 and a k = 6 system. Noninteger k systems are also possible as are systems which are stable mixtures of coexisting k principles. In certain instances, it is economically advantageous for two or more entrepreneurs to co-locate in the same central place rather than attempting monopolistic control over a more limited hinterland. Such a result is consistent with both Berry and Garrison's concept of the duplication ratio and with recent trends in retail location.     

Transcending Borders: Objects on the Move

Does the demand for archaeological artefacts in the legal marketplace in Israel increase the looting of archaeological sites in the region? Through the course of investigating this question it became apparent that while consumer demand may be at the heart of the trade in antiquities, the nature and driving forces behind looting are far more complex than is often understood. The motivations for looting involve notions of nationalism, the forces of globalism, conflicting preservation and management plans, colonialism, and long-entrenched traditional practices. It is an examination of this complexity (i.e. the multiple forms of and incentives for looting), which forms the focus of this paper. This is an exploration of the multivocality of the various agents who make it possible for objects to transcend borders.