雍正王朝与景德镇官窑瓷（下）

4．粉彩瓷的继承与发展 粉彩是康熙晚期在五彩的基础上,受珐琅彩瓷的影响,由景德镇陶瓷工匠创制的彩瓷新品种。五彩瓷烧成温度高,色彩对比强烈;粉彩瓷烧成温度低,色彩柔和淡雅,故五彩又称“硬彩”,粉彩又称“软彩”。粉彩瓷格调上所以有如此变化,主要是彩料中新引进了一种不透明的乳白色玻璃粉末,俗称“玻璃白”。其作用一是利用其乳浊作用,使各种彩料加以粉化,从而使色彩具有浓淡、深浅的色阶变化;其次是“玻璃白”的加入,可使瓷器上的画面,具有国画中用粉后的渲染效果。     

论经典注释的传意目标及其实质

经典注释活动是古代经典传承的重要方式之一.此类传承活动,须经过注释主体的理解、解释两个不同阶段,是一传意的过程.无论是在理解还是解释的过程中,受传意目标的影响,往往形成不同的注释结果及对此的评论.这既是学术的论争,也是以经典为依傍的学术发展路径.不同历史时期的经典注释目标,按主观性大小分为重主观性、重客观性、将主观性与客观性结合起来三类.任何一类目标的确立都是对前代的批判与否定.研究经典注释史不可轻信某一目标下的评论及断语,因为典籍注释均是主观性与客观性相统一的行为,只是存在客观性程度上的区别.     

Detection of parasite eggs from a moat encircling the royal palace of Silla, the ancient Korean Kingdom

We conducted a paleo-parasitological study on soil samples from the ancient moat ruins of Weolseong palace, of the Silla Dynasty (BC 57–AD 935) of Korea. Based on the cultural remains found in the mud-soil layer, the layer was precipitated onto the floor of a moat between the 5th and 8th centuries AD. We found Trichuris trichiura eggs only in that mud-soil layer, whereas no parasite eggs were identified in the other archaeological strata of the ruins. As T. trichiura eggs are shed only in human feces, we speculated that palace toilet contents were continually drained into the moat; therefore, at a certain point in time after construction, the moat finally became a ditch around the palace. Structures in the stone embankments of the moat, possibly designed to make the water flow continuously in one direction, might reflect the Silla people's efforts to alleviate the ever-increasing problems inherent in a moat.     

也谈义县奉国寺大雄殿大木尺度设计方法——与温玉清先生讨论

在近期公布的中国文化遗产研究院等单位关于辽宁义县奉国寺实测数据和研究成果的基础上,结合笔者对该寺木结构几何解析关系的认识和调研,本文尝试从斗栱设计、屋架结构设计和材分与营造尺配合等方面进行反思,逆向寻求和推算原始设计的方法。     

Rice fields and modes of rice cultivation between 5000 and 2500 BC in east China

Recently, rice fields dated between 5000 and 2500 BC were found at the Tianluoshan sit in east China. The early rice fields dated between 5000 and 4500 BC are the oldest rice fields known. The discovery has provided data of recovering reclamation, cultivation, and the ecological system of rice fields in the Neolithic age. People opened up marshes of dense reeds with fire and wooden or bone spades, in order to create rice fields. In the rice fields, there was not only rice, but a lot of weeds as well. The excavations proved that little or even no weeding or irrigation was adopted. However, tilling soil by wooden and bone tools was evidenced. The average yields are estimated to have been about 830 kg for the early period and 950 kg per hectare for the later period. The cultivation system was low-level. Although the Tianluoshan people cultivated rice, they still obtained a great deal of food by gathering and hunting.     

馆藏壁画的历史信息与现状调查

馆藏壁画是博物馆藏品中一类特殊的文物。在馆藏大召寺壁画、陕西唐墓壁画等现状调查研究的基础上,本文分析馆藏壁画区别于原址壁画的特殊性,并提出针对馆藏壁画特点进行历史信息与现状调查的内容框架。强调壁画揭取历史、修复史、搬运史和保存环境等历史信息的调查对于认知壁画的重要性：壁画的现状调查包括本体调查和病害调查两部分,能够帮助保护工作者以科学的视角综合评价壁画保存现状。本文分别论述调查各个方面的意义、具体内容和方法。调查结果无疑对于制定保护修复方案具有重要意义,为合理实施保护修复提供科学依据,并为后续研究和档案记录提供基础信息。     

浙江德清宋代桥梁技术与装饰工艺

德清县独特的江南水乡湿地环境,独一无二的武康石材矿产资源,给古代桥梁业的发展提供了良好的条件。悠久的人文历史和居山为农、近水为田的地域民俗风情,造就了德清地区古代桥梁业发达且技术和工艺独特。我国南方地区目前保存的宋代桥梁资料极其珍贵,德清宋代梁桥在用材、技术与装饰工艺等方面颇具时代和地方风格。通过与周边地区相同时代的桥梁资料比较,具有一定的独特性。     

梁带村两周墓地出土青铜器初步检测分析

梁带村两周墓地位于陕西省韩城市昝村镇梁带村北,东北距市区约7公里,地处关中平原东北部,紧邻黄河西岸.2005年4月起,陕西省考古研究院经初步调查和勘探后,共探明了车马坑64座,墓葬895座,其中大型墓葬7座,并对M19、M26、M27、M28和M502共5座大墓进行了发掘,清理出土金、铜、铁、玉、石、漆器等各种质料的文物数千件.     

崇庆寺宋代彩塑的病害调查与分析思考

为了科学保护山西省崇庆寺宋、明时期的彩塑文物,作者深入调查了该寺彩塑的现状与病害,分析检测了泥塑土的配比、成分与彩绘颜料,并对比分析了该寺不同时期彩塑的材质及工艺特点。结果表明,宋代彩塑的病害类型、严重程度等较其它时期的彩塑明显要少和轻。这一现象启示我们探讨这批彩塑的造型设计、制作技艺、材料选择等具有重要的现实意义。     

秦州北宋《闵雨碑》校考

全国第三次文物普查中,2008年在天水市麦积区新阳镇凤凰山东岳庙发现了一通北宋大观三年的《闵雨碑》。该碑对于研究古代秦州地区的历史、官职、祈雨活动等有较重要的价值。