An integrated assessment of China's South—North Water Transfer Project

China's South–North Water Transfer Project (SNWTP) is a vast and still expanding network of infrastructure and institutions that moves water from the Yangtze River and its tributaries to cities in North China. This article aims to assess the SNWTP's impacts by beginning to answer seven questions about the project: How is the management of the SNWTP evolving? What are the problems to be resolved when managing SNWTP water within jurisdictions? What are the status and management of water quality in the SNWTP? What are the consequences of resettlements caused by the SNWTP? How is increased water supply affecting regional development? Is the SNWTP achieving its stated environmental goals? What are the sustainability credentials of the SNWTP? Drawing on primary and secondary data, the article demonstrates both that the opportunities and burdens characterising the project are highly uneven and that management systems are evolving rapidly in an attempt to enforce strict water quality targets. Furthermore, while the SNWTP may be helping to resolve groundwater overexploitation in Beijing, it is highly energy intensive, raising questions about its sustainability. Our analysis highlights the need to continue to interrogate the socio‐economic, environmental, and political implications of such schemes long after they are officially completed.     

Airborne LiDAR application to karstic areas: the example of Trieste province (north-eastern Italy) from prehistoric sites to Roman forts

The Trieste Karst, at the northernmost shore of the Adriatic Sea, is rich in prehistoric caves and protohistoric hill forts. Most of these archaeological sites were already identified in the second half of the 19th century when large parts of the area were almost without vegetation coverage for the effect of sheep breeding and exploitation of wood resources. Only a few open-air archaeological sites have been discovered in recent years due to the lack of systematic archaeological surveys and reforestation.     

The first fossil crow (Corvus sp. indet.) from the Early Pleistocene Nihewan Paleolithic sites in North China

We describe a three dimensional preserved right tarsometatarsus, representing the first fossil crow from the well-known Early Pleistocene Nihewan paleolithic sites in North China. The new specimen is distinguished from other known species of the genus Corvus by the combined morphological features, especially the peculiar hypotarsus. The phylogenetic significance of the arrangement of canals at the proximal hypotarsus in passerines is discussed. Although the fossil was too incomplete to warrant the erection of a new species of Corvus, it nonetheless increases the taxonomical diversity of the Nihewan fauna and improves our knowledge on Pleistocene birds in China. Finally the paleoenvironment of the Nihewan sites are discussed in terms of its faunal composition.     

中世纪和近代早期英国关税性质的演变

中世纪和近代早期,英国关税性质发生了根本性变化,从一种国王特权税,逐渐演变为处于议会严格控制下的议会间接税。中世纪和1625年前的近代早期,关税主要是国王的一种特权税。1625-1660年间,随着议会和王权斗争的高涨,以及议会的暂时胜利,关税一度转变为处于议会直接控制下的间接税。复辟时期,关税的最终课征批准权继续掌握在议会手中,但因缺少日常操控权,其关税权残缺不全。光荣革命后,因议会在与王权的斗争中取得了决定性胜利,关税演变为完全由议会严格控制的间接税。     

宋人移民高丽述论

论文分析了宋人移民高丽的背景和移民活动,阐述了宋人移民高丽的特点。认为公元10至13世纪,中国分裂为南北对峙的局面,辽、金先后在东北亚区域关系中居于主导地位。受此影响,宋人迁往高丽的移民活动开始趋向精英化。移民的数量缩小为一部分社会中高阶层,迁移的方式偏向主动迁移,并且移民活动受到了高丽王朝的欢迎。这些变化不仅与东北亚复杂局势有关,同时也反映了宋代中国文化的强大国际影响力。     

南宋建康城居住空间布局研究

建康城是南宋时期的留都,城市地位仅次于京师临安,对其空间布局进行研究可以为城市发展提供稀缺资源和文化启迪。南宋建康城内的居住空间存在一个由区域中心出现——新街道出现(表现为新的街道名出现)——新坊设立(表现为新的坊名的出现)的过程,这一现象深刻的反映了当时城市经济及其文化内涵的变迁。     

大学生的地方依恋特征与形成机制——基于南京仙林大学城的调查

大学城生活主体大学生与之是否存在积极的关系,对大学城的发展具有重要意义。本文选择地方依恋理论,对南京仙林大学城进行实证研究。构建了大学生地方依恋维度模型,运用结构方程模型加以验证和修正,发现大学生的地方依恋具有地方认同、功能依赖和情感依赖三个维度特征,地方依恋进一步有助于地方根植性形成。其中,大学生的功能依赖对地方依恋作用为负。总体上,仙林大学生的地方依恋处于由地方认同到地方依赖的过渡阶段。本研究为近年来中国涌现的大学城建设热提供一种自下而上的评判视角。     

关于罗马-高卢城市兴起的几个因素

罗马的高卢行省深受帝国城市化运动的影响,在城市兴起与发展的过程中独具特征。在某种意义上,高卢城市的兴起与发展带动了整个帝国城市化运动的发展。促进高卢城市兴起有几个因素,即高卢原有的城市因素——奥必达、希腊殖民地的城市因素和罗马化的城市因素,对这些因素在高卢城市兴起的历史进程中彼此继承改造的关系、融合的过程和具备的创新意义等展开具体分析,有助于认识高卢城市兴起的基本条件和历史动因,进一步加深对罗马帝国城市化运动性质的理解。     

英国在远东的双重外交与天津租界危机

1939年天津租界危机期间,英国根据欧亚局势的演变和美国态度的变化,不断地调整其远东外交政策.本文通过对英国在天津租界危机中的外交折冲的研究,展现危机中的英国既不甘于放弃其在远东的权益,又不愿与日本走向军事对抗,因而推行了一种既支持中国抗战(主要是道义上的支持),又对日妥协的双重外交政策.这一政策从表象上看,充满着矛盾与反复.但在这一复杂表象的背后,则是英国试图以最小的代价在远东获取最大利益的现实主义考量,也是英国外交传统中的民族国家利益至上这一核心原则的反映.     

敦煌愿文中的“觉”及其相关词语解诂

汉语词汇随社会的发展而不断发展,同时也因某些外来文化的影响而日趋丰富。佛教传入汉土,梵典译成汉文,使大量的汉语旧词在不断变化、发展的过程中,又得到了一个与其原义既有共同点,又有差异的宗教意义,即由引申形成的佛教用语,敦煌愿文中的“觉”及其相关词语便是。它们或为《辞源》、《汉语大词典》（以下简称《大词典》）等重要辞书所来收,或发展为汉语口语词,或词义已发生了变化。我们以黄征、吴伟先生编写的《敦煌愿文集》四为材料,对其中的“觉”及其相关词语一一训释,以补辞书之不足。