关于青铜文物深层有害锈形成与转化的分析研究

为了长久保存馆藏青铜文物,有效转化深层有害锈氯化亚铜,以仿古青铜试样为对象,应用循环伏安法、恒电位极化法等电化学实验来研究青铜在模拟中性土壤介质溶液中的电化学行为,应用X-射线衍射(XRD)、共聚焦激光Raman显微分析检测其腐蚀产物的主要物相。结果表明,氧化过程是生成有害锈氯化亚铜的反应,还原过程是氯化亚铜还原成铜的反应。运用扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪(SEM-EDS)进行形貌观察和微区腐蚀产物成分分析。对氯化亚铜在不同湿度环境下的变化进行了跟踪观察。由此,为除去青铜文物深层有害锈氯化亚铜所做的一系列探讨将在博物馆藏品保护方面具有一定应用价值。     

Mineralogical and Chemical Constraints on the Provenance of Copper Age Polished Stone Axes of ‘Ljubljana Type’ from Caput Adriae

In this paper we show the results of a study concerning 42 axes, mainly discovered in the Copper Age pile dwellings of Ljubljansko barje (central Slovenia) and in the neighbouring areas of Caput Adriae. The studied shaft‐hole axes, characterized by homogeneous typology but slightly different raw materials, have been called ‘Ljubljana‐type’ axes (Lt). The raw materials show a common OIB‐like signature and metamorphic and spilitization features that recall oceanic conditions. The typological and geochemical characteristics and the very high percentage of Lt axes among the polished stone axe assemblages of Ljubljansko barje suggest that the raw material was probably gathered from one or more relatively small outcrops close to Ljubljansko barje. Similar igneous rock types outcrop in the presumably Palaeozoic diabase/shale complex (Eisenkappler Diabaszug), intruded by the northern Karawanken plutonic belt. A probable provenance from this area, particularly rich in copper ore deposit, would confirm the important role of Ljubljansko barje as a metallurgical district, as well as a strong relation between lithic raw materials and Cu cultivation districts during the Copper age.     

功能分析法在考古类型学研究中的应用——以《龙虬庄:江淮东部新石器时代遗址发掘报告》为例

考古学属人文科学的范畴,考古学是历史学的有机组成部分。考古学研究的对象繁杂,涉及的学科甚广,受相关学科(地质学、生物学等)的启发而逐渐形成相对完整的考古学方法论。考古类型学是考古学的基础方法论之一,在考古学研究中发挥着重要的、不可替代的作用。     

蒋介石与两广六一事变

蒋介石应对两广六一事变大体上有一整套方针与步骤。事变初露端倪时,蒋静观其变。针对两粤之军事部署以防备为主,取监视与待机方针,欲利用两广之争和广东内部的文武内讧,以政治方式和平解决。事变爆发后,蒋为拆分粤桂,先专对粤。广东问题解决后,冒险撤换李宗仁、白崇禧。借口李、白抗命不服,趁机派兵入粤。待中央军转至西江布防后,开始对桂谋求和平解决。蒋处置两广之方针与步骤虽无明显之失算,为两广问题得以和平解决之关键,但其所运用之手段没有超出中国传统政治术之羁縻反侧的范畴。     

加快西部生态补偿机制建设——以四川省阿坝州和青海省玉树州为例

西部生态保护与建设是一项长期的任务,需要建立一套长效的生态保护机制和生态效益补偿机制,形成长效的治理机制和扶助机制。文章分析了影响西部地区可持续发展的制约因素,认为必须尽快制订生态补偿法等法律法规,并使之能行之有效,才能从根本上解决存在的诸多问题。     

论中世纪和近代早期英国中央财政管理机构的沿革

中世纪时,国库、财政署和私室是英国最主要的中央财政管理机构,三个机构的命运漂浮不定,主要原因是国王及其王室才是财政管理的中心所在。都铎时期,国王们为加强对财政的个人控制,建立了私室财政体制。斯图亚特王朝建立初期,中央财政管理一仍旧惯,但1612年的管理革新实践却奠定了后来国库复兴的基础。综观这一时期的财政管理机构的沿革可知,连续性、渐进性、经验性和灵活性是它的主要特点。     

辽、宋、金时期迁入高丽的中国移民

辽、宋、金时期复杂的政治、军事形势,迫使许多民户通过多种渠道迁移到邻近的高丽。高丽针对中国移民的接收与遣还采取了一些应变措施、制定了相关规定。迁移到高丽的农业和手工业者移民,按照集团聚落居住在归顺州等移民州县里。他们努力耕耘、辛勤劳作,承担居住国的租税和贡赋;传播先进的技术和制度文化,为高丽的发展做出了贡献。研究结果显示,古代东亚移民与该地区的国际关系变动紧密相关。移民不仅推动了经济、文化交流,而且还促成了不同民族的融合。     

《文史通义》中的比较方法

《史通》对比较方法的运用已经为人所熟知,而另一部史学理论经典著作《文史通义》中的比较思想却很少受到关注。事实上,《文史通义》不仅对比较方法有着普遍的运用,而且其比较思想十分深刻。书中的一些代表性理论几乎都出于自觉的比较,而比较的动力则来源于中国古代文化中深刻的“道”的观念。对此加以深入探讨,将有益于推进我们对中国古代史学思维方法独特性的认识。     

Nuclear Sisyphus: the myth of denuclearising North Korea

Is North Korea ready and willing to give up its nuclear weapons? Proponents of arms control and sustained engagement with North Korea maintain that Pyongyang's desire to acquire nuclear weapons stemmed from ingrained insecurity vis-à-vis the United States or more specifically, the threat that the US poses to fundamental regime security.

However, the primordial source of Kim Jong Il's existential insecurity stems largely from the abnormal, structural idiosyncracies of his regime and not, as many naively believe, the hardline policies of the Bush administration. Accordingly, the Kim Jong Il regime's fundamental dilemma boils down to the fact that the domestic political costs of giving up its nuclear capabilities are just as high as the costs of retaining them.

Debunking the myth that the US, rather than North Korea, poses the greater challenge to South Korean security is as important as ensuring that North Korea dismantles its nuclear arsenal.     

Government institutions and the dynamics of urban growth in China

Economic growth in China in recent decades has largely rested on the dynamism of its cities. High economic growth has coincided with measures aimed at improving the efficiency of local governments and with a mounting political drive to curb corruption. Yet the connection between government institutions and urban growth in China remains poorly understood. This paper is the first to look into the link between government efficiency and corruption, on the one hand, and urban growth in China, on the other hand and to assess what is the role of institutions relative to more traditional factors for economic growth in Chinese cities. Using panel data for 283 cities over the period between 2003 and 2014, the results show that the urban growth in China is a consequence of a combination of favorable human capital, innovation, density, local conditions, foreign direct investment, and city‐level government institutions. Both government quality—especially for those cities with the best governments—and the fight against corruption at the city level have a direct effect on urban growth. Measures to tackle corruption at the provincial level matter in a more indirect way, by raising or lowering the returns of other growth‐inducing factors.