重返“物质”：新文化地理学视角下的消费研究及进展评述

随着物质地理研究的兴起，消费已成为新文化地理学关注的热点之一。本文回顾了物质地理和消费间的关系，并对物质消费品及其品牌生产的地方性与跨地方性、物质消费中的文化政治及身体实践等相关研究议题进行了评述。新文化地理学“重返物质”倡导下的消费研究，强调以物为线索的“行为-主体-物质”的复杂关系和日常实践，有力拓展了传统“人-地”关系中对“物”维度的关注。同时，这也为消费研究提供了地理学的新视角和新方法，有利于理解物质流动和消费背后的全球-地方关系、文化经济和文化政治。这一新兴交叉研究领域值得国内人文地理界关注和重视。     

Environmental governance in China: The effects of policy clarity,career concerns,and new appointed officials on pollution control

In the last three decades, China has taken actions to tackle its environmental issues while the tension between policymakers at the central level and decentralized implementation of such policies has been a major concern. This study investigates how policy clarity and high powered incentive system jointly affect organizational performance in the context of environmental governance in China. Utilizing city-level data compiled with text data extracted from Report on the Work of the Government from 2004 to 2015 and Difference in Differences (DID) design, we find that the compliance of local officials to protect the environment as well as the actual environmental protection outcome significantly increased. Our study also finds evidence that newly-appointed Party Secretaries at the city level are the main facilitators of enhancing environmental regulation policies. This research proposes a two by two typology based on the principal-agent theory explaining how successful environmental governance within this period in China is realized and offers practical implications for those who seek to enhance the effectiveness of environmental governance.     

西安城市交通发展研究

为了使西安市城市交通发展与城市地位、形态、规模相适应,积极应对新世纪西安市交通所面临的机遇和挑战,本文在分析西安市目前城市交通现状的基础上,提出了西安市城市交通发展的战略政策及对策,建立规划、建设、管理的一体化体制等。     

Ectopic paragonimiasis from 400-year-old female mummy of Korea

Of the parasite eggs discovered in ancient samples from Korean archaeological sites, Paragonimus spp. are of particular importance in that they are regarded as one of the most insidious trematode infection sources. Although their infection prevalence decreased rapidly in the early 20th century, archaeoparasitological studies on the species are still required, as historical knowledge of paragonimiasis remains far from comprehensive. Fortunately, we recently were given a chance to examine a medieval Korean mummy in a good state of preservation. Using morphological techniques, we discovered evidence of ectopic paragonimiasis in the sample from the 17th-century female. When the ITS 2 gene was extracted, amplified and sequenced from Paragonimus eggs, it showed 100% homology to the sequences of modern Paragonimus westermani reported from Korea and Japan, forming a cluster distinct from South Asian P. westermani. Our report is the first-ever analysis of ancient Paragonimus DNA from any archaeological field in the world. The ectopic paragonimiasis diagnosis made in this study, especially involving the liver sample, also is the first of its kind in archaeoparasitology.     

抗帕金森病新药的研发进展

目的 综述多巴胺能药物和其他新型治疗药物的研发状况,为国内的科研人员提供参考.方法 分析了帕金森现有的主要治疗药物多巴胺能,包括左旋多巴胺、多巴胺受体激动剂、儿茶酚氧位甲基转移酶抑制剂、单胺氧化酶抑制剂等;以及新型的抗帕金森药物,包括α2-肾上腺素能受体拮抗剂、腺苷A2A受体拮抗剂、细胞治疗和基因治疗的基本原理、药物研发的进展情况.结果与结论 帕金森病是一种渐进性的神经系统退行性疾病,在全球的发病率较高.新型治疗药物的研发成功有望缓解帕金森病人的痛苦,提高其生命质量,但新型药物的上市还有很长的过程.     

寓乐于会:近代博览会与大众娱乐

近代博览会的兴起固然主要是源于商品经济与科技传播的需要,但大众娱乐文化又始终与各类博览会形影相随,成为其不可或缺的构成要素。大众娱乐是将博览会传播科技、文化功能与群众"找乐子"心态连接起来的最好形式之一,并使博览会能够吸引成千上万民众参与其中。近代中国举办的博览会充分借鉴了西方博览会的做法,加入了大量的娱乐活动,寓乐于会,寓教于乐。大众娱乐活动不仅丰富了博览会的内涵,增强了博览会对大众的吸引力,而且使博览会本身成为研究近代城市大众文化时不容忽视的重要内容之一。     

从出土数量的变化看我国秦汉时期铁兵器的发展状况

秦汉时期是我国古代冶铁技术发展成熟的重要时期,这一时期的铁兵器,无论是数量、品种,还是质量、技术上,都达到了一定水平。但在这段上下跨越450年左右的历史中,铁兵器是如何发展并取代铜兵器,学界说法不一。本文通过查阅大量文献资料,对秦汉各时期的铁兵器和铜兵器的出土数量进行了详细统计,发现秦代的铁兵器虽有所发展,但并未占据主导地位;西汉时期尤其是西汉中晚期,才是铁兵器发展的关键时期,也是铁兵器取代铜兵器的重要节点;到了东汉时期,则是这种取代过程的巩固加强期。     

纸质文物的无损和微损观察分析方法

纸质文物很容易损坏,能存留至今的不多,越是早期的越稀少,因此纸质文物非常宝贵,做好纸质文物的保护和研究具有十分重要的意义。一些常规的纸张特性分析方法往往损伤和破坏文物本身,因此需要了解无损和微损分析纸质文物的方法。这里介绍了纸的物理性能分析、纤维形态观测、纸的生产工艺推断、扫描电镜观察及其他分析方法。纸质文物的无损和微损分析方法可供文物工作者在基本不损伤和破坏纸质文物的情况下,分析该文物的特点,获取其原料组成、制造时期、生产工艺、舂捣打浆处理程度、纤维配比等信息。     

越国玉器的等级研究

越国贵族墓葬以墓葬规模为指示性要素,可分为五个等级,以此作为越国玉器等级研究的基础,结合玉器器类组合和器形纹饰的分析,可将越国玉器分为七个等级。越国玉器的等级研究为复杂的越国社会形态研究提供了新的途径和方法。