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991.
992.
Analogical frameworks created through experimentation are a vital part of taphonomic studies for interpreting the archaeological record. Understanding the anatomical location of cut marks is crucial for interpreting the butchery behaviour of humans in the past, as well as for indirectly inferring the subsistence and economic function of archaeological sites. Two experimental/ethnoarchaeological studies have provided taphonomists with analogues to interpret filleting and disarticulation butchery behaviours from archaeofaunal assemblages. However, these analogues were made with limited control and both involved the use of metal knives. The present work provides the first systematic and controlled study of cut mark distribution on long bones made with stone tools, aimed at differentiating cut marks created by filleting or defleshing from those inflicted during disarticulation. It also studies the variability of cut mark distribution according to stone tool type (simple flakes, retouched flakes and handaxes). The results show some differences with previous studies made with metal tools and offer an updated analogue to interpret butchery (filleting, dismembering and skinning) from prehistoric contexts. 相似文献
993.
994.
Juan A. García-Esparza 《International Journal of Heritage Studies》2013,19(9):869-888
The current situation of vernacular architecture is a result of the different perspectives of agents who have some sort of direct or indirect relationship with the architecture of the past which has influenced attitudes and ways of thinking, thus guaranteeing its assessment and survival. Therefore, this article reviews recent currents of thought and theories encapsulating the increased value of vernacular architecture. In the eighteenth century, this architecture made the romantic ideals of rural society synonymous with its surroundings, territory and country. In the twentieth century, a select few modernist intellectuals carried out in-depth studies of this architectural type in relation to its formal values. Now, in the twenty-first century, it has become the object of technological and scientific analysis for many experts. The current situation still presents many unresolved problems, which are perhaps the result of little thought having been put into specific aspects of the process of vernacular architecture. 相似文献
995.
996.
Luís Silva 《International Journal of Heritage Studies》2013,19(6):616-633
This article examines the impact associated with the making of heritage and tourism at a destination. Special attention is paid to the residents’ perceptions of the impact. The examination is focused on the rural village of Sortelha, in Portugal, where, in recent decades, a state-led programme was implemented in order to renovate the historic buildings and built fabric and to generate benefits for the local community. Based on ethnographic materials collected in 2003, 2009 and 2013, the study demonstrates that the making of heritage may give rise to two opposing impacts simultaneously – increased social cohesion and place pride, on the one hand, and envy and competition (and, hence, social atomisation), on the other hand – and that residents are entirely cognisant of the tension between the two. The study has the potential to contribute to both the theoretical and the applied literature on heritage making. 相似文献
997.
Plácido González Martínez 《International Journal of Heritage Studies》2013,19(10):1055-1072
ABSTRACTThe introduction of contemporary architecture into historic urban environments creates an open heritage discussion that includes the underlying relationship between development and conservation. This discussion requires theoretical clarification, as heritage conservation is frequently mistaken for other architectural design approaches that, even though they may operate within the historic environment as their primary source, do not comply with the complex definition of heritage authenticity used today. This article aimed to contribute to this debate, offering a characterization of such architectural design strategies operating through principles of verisimilitude that target authentication for tourists and the creative classes in a global city like Shanghai. Comparative studies of Xintiandi (Ben Woods, 2001) and Fuxing SOHO (Von Gerkan, Marg und Partner, 2015) provided an insight into the concepts of historic re-creation and abstract inheritance, currently used as ways of interpreting the historic residential typology of the Shanghai lilong according to the economic and political aims of the entrepreneurial model of governance. This allowed a critical evaluation of the growing attention paid to heritage in Shanghai in the last 25 years, and whether the substitution of the principle of authenticity for authentication has solved the contradictions between urban conservation and development in contemporary China. 相似文献
998.
Christine Thiel Jan-Pieter Buylaert Andrew S. Murray Sumiko Tsukamoto 《Geochronometria》2011,38(4):369-378
Recent work on infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) dating has focussed on finding and testing signals which show less
or negligible fading. IRSL signals measured at elevated temperature following IR stimulation at 50°C (post-IR IRSL) have been
shown to be much more stable than the low temperature IRSL signal and seem to have considerable potential for dating. For
Early Pleistocene samples of both European and Chinese loess natural post-IR IRSL signals lying in the saturation region of
the laboratory dose response curve have been observed; this suggests that there is no significant fading in nature. As a contribution
to the further testing of post-IR IRSL dating, we have used 18 samples from two Japanese loess profiles for which quartz OSL
and tephra ages up to 600 ka provide age control. After a preheat of 320°C (60 s), the polymineral fine grains (4–11 μm) were
bleached with IR at 50°C (200 s) and the IRSL was subsequently measured at 290°C for 200 s. In general, the fading uncorrected
post-IR IRSL ages agree with both the quartz OSL and the tephra ages. We conclude that the post-IR IRSL signal from these
samples does not fade significantly and allows precise and accurate age determinations on these sediments. 相似文献
999.
The thermoluminescence (TL) dating method has a significant measurement error margin reaching almost 10%. Due to this fact
it could be considered as little effective in case of such sites from the Roman period as burial grounds with many artefacts
useful for archaeological dating. However, for many settlements from this period, where pottery is the only kind of artefacts,
the TL method can give notable results. The main purpose of the study was to make an attempt at TL dating of pottery and clay
daub samples from the Nieszawa Kolonia and Kręcieszki sites and to compare the obtained dates with the results of archaeological
dating of selected features from the Przeworsk Culture settlements. In the Kręcieszki site the fragments of burnt clay daub
were dated by the TL method for the first time in the Lublin laboratory. It turned out that clay daub is an equally good dating
material as pottery. It can be found that the TL dating of pottery from Nieszawa Kolonia confirms two stages of settlement.
The first settlement stage is related to the phases B2-B2/C1-C1a of the Roman period, i.e. from the beginning of the 2nd to the beginning of the 3rd century. The second group of TL dates corresponds to the phases C2D that is to the second stage of settlement, from the second
half of the 3rd century to the half of the 5th century AD. The results of TL dating of pottery and clay daub in the Kręcieszki site are rather similar and correspond to
the phase B1/B2 of the period of Roman influence, determined from pottery style, but can also indicate the phase B2/C1. 相似文献
1000.
George Kitis George S. Polymeris Nafiye G. Kiyak Vasilis Pagonis 《Geochronometria》2011,38(3):209-216
The present paper presents a comparative experimental study of two commonly measured Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL)
signals in quartz. The experimental study measures both the continuous wave OSL (CW-OSL) and the linearly modulated (LM-OSL)
signals from the same quartz sample for a range of stimulation temperatures between 180 and 280°C, while the former is transformed
to pseudo LM-OSL (ps LM-OSL). A computerized deconvolution curve analysis of the LM-OSL and ps LM-OSL signals was carried
out, and the contributions of several OSL components to the initial OSL signal (0.1 s) were shown to be independent of the
stimulation temperature used during the measurement. It was also found that the composite OSL (0.1 s) signal consists mainly
of the first two OSL components present in the OSL curves. The equivalence of the ps LM-OSL (transformed CW-OSL) and of LM-OSL
measurements was also examined by an appropriate choice of the experimental stimulation times, and of the stimulation power
of the blue LEDs used during the measurement. 相似文献