试论科技志对规划的记述

通过全面查阅全国已出版的28部首轮科技志所记述的规划内容得出：首轮科技志书中主要记述了科技发展规划和城乡建设发展规划等内容。在此基础上,对首轮科技志记述规划问题进行研究,阐述写出规划制订中的科技特色,如何体现科技内容等,分析研究如何处理好科技志书中规划记述的四个问题：求实避虚、主线辅线、取舍标准、失败事项的记述。     

内蒙古敖汉旗新石器时代聚落形态研究

敖汉旗位于内蒙古自治区赤峰市东南部,地理坐标为北纬41°42'～43°02'、东经119°30'～120°53',总面积8294.14平方公里,地处燕山山脉东段之努鲁儿虎山脉北麓,科尔沁沙地南缘,地形较为复杂,南部为低山丘陵区,中部为黄土丘陵区,北部为沙漠平原区,地势西南高,东北低,海拔350～800米左右,最高山峰海拔1255米,相对高度100～300米左右.     

从道光《厦门志》看清朝前期的厦门海关

康熙年间,清廷在收复台湾后,在粤、闽、江、浙四省建立海关,开放海禁。厦门海关作为闽海关最大的口岸,在清代发挥了重要作用。本文通过对道光《厦门志》的考察,结合其他史料,分别对清初厦门海关的设立、机构设置、关税征收、管理及其产生的弊端作一初步探讨。     

明末清初西湖小说与西湖诗词

明末清初西湖小说与西湖诗词有着共同的文化背景与地域色彩,西湖诗词能够自然贴切地融入小说叙事,创造出诗情画意的优美意境,提高了西湖小说的艺术品位,调节小说叙事的节奏,使其情节生动曲折又符合情理逻辑,还丰富了人物的思想感情与心理活动。     

道教人物画像颜料的原位无损分析

利用漫反射光谱、显微激光拉曼光谱和能量色散X射线荧光技术,对一张道教人物画像的颜料进行原位无损鉴别,结果显示,画像主要使用了朱砂、巴黎绿、群青、雌黄、碳黑和铅白。为了明确群青是人工合成还是天然颜料,采用X射线衍射对画像蓝色颜料进行物相分析,结果表明,该颜料确为合成群青。由于群青和巴黎绿均为人工合成颜料,其首次合成时间分别为1828年和1814年,清代晚期引入我国,由此推断该画像应在清代晚期以后绘制。这一研究表明,上述三项技术联用非常适合于易损和不允许取样的古字画颜料的无损分析鉴定,在纸张类文物分析中具有广阔的应用前景。     

Grassroots authority in rural Guangdong during late Qing and early Republican times

Gongju, or public offices, controlled by the local gentry class, were the grassroots authorities in rural Guangdong during the late Qing. These offices maintained their own armed forces and usually had powers of administration, tax collection, and self-defense, as well as judicial powers. They were considered the extension of prefecture and county governments. With the authorization of the prefecture and county governments, these offices had the power to deal with important legal cases. Although they came under attack during the 1911 Revolution, these offices were able to recover quickly in different forms. In the late Qing era, local gentry with official titles earned in middle-level or lower-level civil service examinations took the leadership roles in such grassroots offices, but they were replaced by people who had direct control over the armed forces during Republican times.     

Chinese engagement in Southeast Asian energy and mineral resources: motivations and outlook

Abstract

The energy and mineral resource base of Southeast Asia is relatively modest by international standards. Nevertheless, Chinese energy and mining companies have been investing heavily in the region over recent years, in comparison with multinational companies and state-backed companies from other Asian countries. This paper applies a framework derived from the field of business studies to analyze why the scale of China’s engagement in Southeast Asia has become so great and how the motivations vary between the different energy and resource industries. The motivations for these activities reflect a mix of corporate and state objectives. Corporate objectives include securing energy or resource supply chains, increasing or diversifying their asset base, and enhancing their profits or market share. The motivations of the government range from straightforward support of the companies for the purpose of industrial strategy and security of resource supply, to development assistance and regional strategic positioning. The different motivations of the oil and gas, hydropower, and mining industries arise from the particular character of each market, both within China and globally. Southeast Asia has the twin advantages of geographic and apparent cultural proximity to China. Nevertheless, inexperience and a desire to catch up with their international peers have resulted in companies applying low social and environmental standards in some high profile projects. The subsequent disputes, together with the current low level of resource prices, may constrain the further growth of Chinese investment in the near future.     

略论南京国民政府初期中美贸易关系

一次世界大战的爆发,为美国扩张对外贸易提供了千载难逢的机遇。战争期间英德两大世界贸易强国不仅原有的市场无暇顾及,而且本身也成为美国工业、军火等产品推销和输出市场。这期间美国不仅对欧洲的贸易大为增加,对亚洲,特别是对中国的进出口贸易额也不断增长。以１９１４年美国出口贸易指数为１００计算,１９１９年出口贸易指数已达３１７,①１９３１年指数高达６９２。②美国对亚洲及太平洋地区出口贸易由１９１３年的７％增加到１９２０年的１３％。③尽管战时日本经济实力增长很快,已成为美国在远东竞争的劲敌,但美国是在战争中…     

关于第二轮省志交通志篇目设置有关问题的探讨

篇目是志书的蓝图,在某种意义上决定着志书编修的成败。本文着重对第二轮省志交通志篇目设置涉及到的“大交通”与“小交通”、继承与创新、层次与结构、分与合、详与略等有关问题进行探讨,以期在第二轮志书编修中取得事半功倍的效果。