Geographical Leadership Mobility and Policy Isomorphism: Narrowing the Regional Inequality of Social Spending in China

The link between geographical leadership mobility and policy isomorphism is rarely discussed in the extant literature. We argue that the geographical leadership mobility encourages local executives to converge their development experiences in their original working jurisdictions and their current positions. The distinct Chinese political personnel system provides an ideal environment that allows researchers to examine the isomorphic effects of geographical leadership mobility. This research builds a dataset of local social spending between 1998 and 2011 as well as a database of the leadership mobility history of provincial executives in China. Results of the spatial panel analysis (SPA) demonstrate that the geographical leadership mobility (i.e., horizontal, top-down, and bottom-up) of governors stimulates the regional isomorphism of provincial education and health care spending. The empirical findings affirm the effectiveness of the effort of the Chinese central government in narrowing the regional inequality of social welfare provision through the geographical mobility of local leadership.     

The salt chimney effect: delay of thermal evolution of deep hydrocarbon source rocks due to high thermal conductivity of evaporites

Half of the topseals to the world's largest oilfields are evaporites. Rock salt has a thermal conductivity two to four times greater than that of other sedimentary rocks found in oil‐ and gas‐bearing basins. Strong heat conduction through evaporites can increase the geothermal gradient above evaporite deposits, resulting in a positive thermal anomaly and above‐average temperature while simultaneously decreasing the geothermal gradient below evaporites, resulting in a negative thermal anomaly. Most Triassic–Jurassic hydrocarbon source rocks in the Kuqa Basin, western China, are overlain by ~1500‐m‐thick Tertiary evaporites with underlying Cretaceous sandstones and mudstones. Directly measured strata temperatures indicate an obvious break in the steepness of the geothermal gradient above and below Paleogene evaporites, with a significantly steeper geothermal gradient above the evaporites. Simulations of the thermal evolution of source rocks based on data collected from well Kela‐2 indicate that if the thickness of evaporites (mainly rock salt and anhydrite rock) in overlying rocks above source rocks increases compared with the thickness of siliciclastic rocks in the overlying rocks, then strata temperatures and vitrinite reflectance in Jurassic source rocks will decrease accordingly. Our thermal simulations based on the thickness and thermal conductivity of evaporites accurately coincide with previous studies based on homogenization temperatures, hydrocarbon–water contact retrospection, and carbon isotope results from natural gases. The gas generation center located in the Kalasu Tectonic Belt today is also sealed in an evaporite‐related structural trap that formed at this time. Therefore, the speculated natural gas generation times not only correlate with the evaporite‐related structural trap formation, but the calculated maturity of deep source rocks below the evaporites also coincides with current gas reserves. And our studies can help to find the deep oils and gases under thick evaporites.     

劳资利益团体合作与一战结束前后的德国社会——试论《斯廷内斯-列金协议》的起源及其意义

第一次世界大战结束前后,德国的劳资利益团体走上了合作的道路,通过《斯廷内斯—列金协议》,为战后德国社会勾勒出一副和谐图景。本文关注这种合作产生的历史,从中对劳资利益团体的合作模式进行分析,探讨其成败的原因及其历史意义。     

巴林左旗十三敖包镇辽代窖藏钱币

2009年5月,巴林左旗十三敖包镇双龙村南沟屯齐姓村民在平整院子时发现一钱币窖藏,得到消息后,巴林左旗博物馆工作人员前往调查并进行了清理.钱币出土时是装在一陶瓮里.窖藏铜钱总重143公斤,经整理.除去残币部分,完整铜钱有37025枚,时代最早的有西汉"八铢半两",最晚的是辽代钱币"天庆元宝".     

辽宁清前满族文化品牌打造研究

辽宁清前满族文化是辽宁多元历史文化的重要组成部分,是清文化的源头文化,是辽宁独特的历史文化资源,但目前尚未完全发挥其应有的品牌效应。因此,建议进一步加大对辽宁清前满族文化品牌的保护、研究和开发力度,整合现有资源,在深度挖掘和系统规划的基础上,开发新产品,寻找新项目,逐步形成清前满族文化产业基地,打造出具有竞争力的辽宁清前满族文化品牌。     

北京南部“浙江村”的结构、定位和特征研究

本文采用文献分析法,对北京南部“浙江村”进行了探讨。介绍了“浙江村”的分布及地理位置特点,指出“浙江村”居民是指来京务工经商的浙江个体工商户,阐述了“浙江村”的规模和结构;分三个层次讨论了“浙江村”内部的地域结构,并分析了其主要成因;着重讨论了“浙江村”的定位机理;最后分析了“浙江村”的系统特点,归纳为“低层次自我服务与外向型服装加工相结合的开放系统”     

抗战时期江苏图书损失概述

江苏教育发达,藏书丰富,近代图书馆建设颇具规模.抗战时期,由于日军掠夺和破坏,江苏公私图书损失严重.战后,省府虽制定<江苏省公私文物损失数量及估价目录>,但统计缺漏甚多,损失数量失之偏少.由于种种原因,迄今尚无关于江苏图书损失的专题研究.本文发掘史料,对照战后省府的初步统计,梳理和考证各类图书馆及民间藏书、学校图书损失,探析战后损失统计不足的原因,为准确理解<中国战时文物损失数量及估价目录>提供参考.     

苏尼特左旗恩格尔河的元代墓葬

2001年,在内蒙古锡林郭勒盟苏尼特左旗恩格尔河管区,由于风沙吹袭,暴露出古墓葬一座。当地牧民对墓葬及其随葬文物进行了破坏和哄抢,苏尼特左旗公安局得知后,立案侦查,追缴回了大部分随葬文物,并请求自治区文物局鉴定,自治区文物局组织有关专家对这批文物进行了鉴定。锡盟文物工作站对墓葬所在地也进行了实地调查。现就该墓葬情况和随葬文物简报如下。一、地理位置和墓葬形制苏尼特左旗地处锡林郭勒草原腹地,北面是蒙古国,东邻阿巴嘎旗,南接正镶白旗,西与苏尼特右旗接壤。恩格尔河位于苏尼特左旗东南部,距满都拉图镇130公里(图一)。恩格尔河…     

江苏省粮食产量吸引子维数研究

以混沌理论为基础,对江苏省粮食单产时间序列用分形的方法进行了初步研究,从吸引子维数、Kolomogorov熵等方面分析了粮食单产变化的混沌性质。研究结果表明,江苏省1978-1997年粮食单产的时序分布具有分形特征,且单产的变化是一个确定性的低维混沌吸引子。要恰当地描述江苏省粮食单产发生系统,需要构造包含12个状态变量的动力学系统。