School accessibility and academic achievement in a rural area of Taiwan

This study empirically analyzes the influence of school accessibility on student academic achievement in a rural area of Taiwan. The sample population comprised elementary and junior high-school students in Pinlin, a small village outside Taipei City, the capital of Taiwan. Data were obtained through a questionnaire survey and analyzed via linear regression and ordered logit regression for continuous grade point average and discrete letter grade, respectively. Compared with previous research, this study presents the following new findings: (1) similar to elementary-school children, travel obstacles also negatively affected learning achievement of junior high-school adolescents; (2) travel obstacles affected academic achievement more significantly for adolescents than children; and (3) travel obstacles affected letter grades more significantly than grade point averages in children. The empirical evidence indicates that travel obstacles explain the academic achievements of children and adolescents with moderate or weak significance.     

志书社会内容的编纂

社会内容在地方志书中,不可能也不应该按照社会学研究的框架去谋篇布局。实际上,社会内容在地方志书中分散记述,或小集中大分散记述,体现的是地方志书对自然、社会必须全面（而不是单项社会部分）记述的特征,是从全志出发,整体上反映各方面的社会内容。社会内容的记述要在确定符合时代、地情特征的框架后,从社会变化看时代特征,从时代特征研究社会内容,从社会内容研究其在全书的布局,再站在整个社会层面对具体布局的社会内容进行记述。     

西部民族经济跨越式发展的途径

跨越式发展是一个过程,是经济发展质量和水平的整体跃升。正确理解跨越式发展的思想理论,对中国西部民族地区经济发展具有重要的理论和现实指导意义。     

宋瓷铭文中的佛教世俗化倾向

本文通过对宋代瓷器铭文中有关佛教内容的分析,结合佛教在中国流传的历史过程,阐述宋代佛教的世俗化倾向。尽管目前所知的与佛教有关的宋代瓷器铭文资料十分有限,难以全面解答佛教在中国的世俗化问题,但铭文中的内容却无可非议地昭示着佛教进入普通平民的生活后,那种大众化、实用化、民俗化的特征。     

应该采用什么样的哲学原理去思考方志性质——与梁滨久先生商榷

我们应该采用什么样的哲学原理去思考方志性质这一方志学核心理论？文章认为单一依赖形式逻辑去界定方志性质是不够的,形式逻辑只能是研究的辅助手段。方志学基础理论研究应该用科学的哲学原理去统领。科学的哲学原理就是马克思主义辩证法。     

Biotechnology and Food Safety in China: Consumers’ Acceptance or Resistance?

Although China is one of the world's largest producers and consumers of genetically modified (GM) crops and derived food products, little is known about the level of Chinese consumer awareness, understanding and acceptance of GM food. Initially, China pursued relatively aggressive policies for biotechnology development, but in recent years, the central government has become more sensitive to the potential environmental risks of transgenic food crops. To protect domestic biotech industries, the state plays a critical role in the politics of biotechnology, and does not allow GM food to become a prominent public issue. This contribution reports on a survey of 1,000 urban respondents. It demonstrates that most consumers lack the most basic understanding of biotechnology and its potential risks. The majority of the respondents (60 per cent) were either unwilling to consume GM food or were neutral about the idea, but when given neutrally‐worded information about potential GM food allergenicity, the willingness to buy dropped sharply. This might point to future scenarios of consumer resistance against GM food as has happened in European Union member states. This effect demonstrates the malleability of the Chinese consumer in a context of limited understanding and inadequate access to information.     

从“大一统”到“正统”论——论唐宋文化转型中的历史观嬗变

伴随唐宋文化转型而兴起的“正统”论,扬弃了天人感应、五德终始之说．以法则性、道德性“天理”取代主宰性、意志性“天命”,经宋儒精心阐发的文化价值理想、社会政治理想“天理一王道”再次构成统合历史兴盛衰亡之变的“贞一之理”。而北宋时代的正统之辨呈现出儒家历史哲学、政治哲学在因应时代变化之际曾具有的复杂、深刻的思想面貌。     

门巴族色目村“魔女”文化的历史人类学解读

在色目村,"魔女"是该村生存环境的文化符号,通过对这一文化符号的解释,构建起了以敬畏自然的自然泛神论为理论基础、以自我约束的行为规则为应用并延伸到人们的社会生活和人生价值追求的文化体系。这个体系是在色目村的生存环境之下人们生存方式的一种文化表达,同时又是维系人们生存活动与生存环境之间的契合关系的文化支撑。生存环境与生存方式是色目村的神话传说及宗教礼仪对魔女文化符号加以解释的基础,规定着解释的意义指向。     

Tyrtaeus and the Civilian Poet of the Crimean War

Recent scholarship has delved into the impact of newspaper press upon Crimean War poetry and highlighted the challenges of war representation facing non-combatant poets. The Crimean conflict (1854–56), this essay will show, was not only a ‘media war’ but also a ‘literary’ one, during which mid-Victorian commentators and poets consciously reworked an array of established traditions of war poetry, especially those of Tyrtaeus, the Greek martial poet of the seventh century, to negotiate the duties and artistic endeavours of the civilian poet. Tracing the construction of a ‘Tyrtaean’ tradition from the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (1793–1815), it explores how a Romantic reworking of Tyrtaeus’ war songs served as a precedent for the civilian poets of the Crimean conflict, and how newspaper reports of the suffering of soldiers intensified a widespread scepticism of the civilian’s knowledge and bodily experience of war, which in turn instigated a reconfiguration of the ‘Tyrtaean’ poet. It argues that whilst the poetic efforts of Tom Taylor, Louisa Shore, and Alfred Tennyson to refashion the figure of the civilian manifest Crimean War poets’ anxiety about their non-combatant status and the use of poetry, they evacuated the ‘Tyrtaean mode’, a poetic mode intended to arouse people’s patriotic sentiment and exhort them to military action, forging a new image of war poet within their work marked by the civilian’s detachment from the spectacle of war and critical engagement with distant suffering.