潘志俊友朋函札七通考释

苏州博物馆资料部藏有一组函札,是光绪十一年(1885)沈家本、袁保龄、袁世凯等人致潘志俊的信件.当时的中国正值多事之秋.日本加快了侵略朝鲜的步伐,先后制造了1882年"壬午兵变"和1884年的"甲申政变".虽然由于清军的迅速行动平息了这两次事变,但日本还是趁此迫使朝鲜签订了1882年的<仁川条约>和1885年<汉城条约>,扩大了日本在朝鲜的侵略权益.与此同时,中国与法国间也于1884至1885年爆发了战争.     

南阳汉画像石的浪漫主义精神

南阳汉画是汉文化的载体,展现了瑰丽奇异的浪漫主义世界。汉画中的神仙世界充满了深刻的寓意和神秘的象征,反映了汉人浓厚的升仙思想,神灵大都以人兽同体的形象出现;人神杂处的世界是一个怪诞奇异、富于幻想的世界;对世俗生活的描绘透露出汉人积极乐观的生活态度。南阳汉画艺术与远古图腾、原始歌舞、商周文明、楚文化等一脉相承,密不可分。     

徐州楚王墓出土金银器大观

金和银两种金属,由于他们的结构密实,外表艳丽而舒润,延展性强,韧性好,便于操作,自古就受到人们的青睐,为人们所钟爱。常用它来制作货贝及器皿和饰品。     

Multiple assessments of local properties,production, and performance in metal objects: an experimental case study from Petra,Jordan

This object-specific case study focuses on cupreous artifacts excavated from the Great Temple complex of Petra, Jordan to demonstrate how the use of compositional X-ray analyses alongside two experimental applications (ImageJ software and nanoindentation) have the potential to generate different and otherwise unobtainable information about archaeological metals. The study highlights the value of using multiple techniques as a means of resolving the ambiguities that tend to arise from interpretations of single-sited measurements on objects and from single-instrumental analyses during studies of production processes and consequent material performance. Employing different techniques on multiple localities within a sample permits the gathering of precise information about the behavior of and interrelationships between variables that affect the objects’ fabrication and use, particularly composition, structure, and hardness properties. The resulting data are interpreted in association with contextual archaeological information from Petra to consider the use-life and potential significance of these objects.     

一对北魏时期的龙形金耳饰

2011年,大同御东恒安街一座坐北朝南向的北魏时期的偏室土洞墓出土墓铭砖、石灯、陶壶、陶罐、铁镜、项饰、金耳饰、云母片和水滴形铜饰片等器物①。墓铭砖上阴刻＂崔令珎妻韩法容＂七字（图1）。石灯白色砂岩质,底座上圆下方,圆形部分雕饰莲花瓣（图2）。该墓出土的大喇叭口陶壶,宽圆肩,壶身饰弦纹夹忍冬纹及水波纹,颈部施竖向暗纹（图3）。陶罐口沿外和颈下部均施三周凸弦纹,     

Unmanaging the past: Truth,data and the human being

Management systems in archaeology seek to impose the scientific objective‐reductionist paradigm on archaeologists and their data. This orthodoxy has been enshrined in English Heritage's document Management of Archaeological Projects (English Heritage 1991) which prescribes rigorous application of a standardized methodology. MAP II, as it is known, is based on a processual model in which ‘data’ enter at one end and valuable archaeology emerges at the other. Such a view not only lacks any appreciation of the distinctions between ‘data’ and ‘information’ but also fails to acknowledge the beliefs and values which underpin the decision‐making criteria crucial to the model. In this paper we argue for an approach which un‐manages the past — by building relativistic humans into our strategies for dealing with the past. Examples are given which demonstrate how such an approach might work in practice.     

Evidence for a Neolithic Age fire-irrigation paddy cultivation system in the lower Yangtze River Delta,China

Establishing stable cropping systems was vital in antiquity, assuring certain yields and enabling ancient people to settle, thus possibly causing various modern food habits and culture to form around the world, especially in cereal-cultivation-dominated countries. China, one of the most famous ancient agricultural countries, has a long history of rice planting, and the fire-irrigation paddy cultivation system is prevalent in the lower Yangtze region, which is considered a rice domestication center. However, its origin and cultivation pattern remain unclear. We studied a famous agricultural vestige, the Chuodun site, involved in rice planting in the lower Yangtze River Delta in eastern China, during the Neolithic Age. Clear evidence from archaeology, paleobiology, pedology and biogeochemistry suggest both that the rice fire-irrigation cultivation system formed during the Neolithic Age and that ancient peoples lived there steadily. Under this extensive cultivation system, soil structures and properties changed significantly; in particular, it left more black carbon in the soil and increased the organic carbon soil stability, which can be used to reconstruct prehistoric environments. Meanwhile, the prevalent fire-irrigation paddy cultivation system used by farmers in this area, though for a different purpose than ancient people, may be inherited from the Neolithic Age.