Großflächiger Einzelhandel in der Hauptstadtregion Berlin-Brandenburg

Kurzfassung Gegenw?rtig wird die seit 1996 bestehende gemeinsame Landesplanung in den L?ndern Berlin und Brandenburg inhaltlich neu ausgerichtet. Die damit verbundene überarbeitung von Regelungen zur raumordnerischen Steuerung bei der Ansiedlung gro?fl?chigen Einzelhandels geschieht unter Berücksichtigung von Ergebnissen aller im Jahre 2006 analysierten gro?fl?chigen Einzelhandelseinrichtungen ab 700 Quadratmetern Verkaufsfl?che sowie von Erkenntnissen aus einer gleichzeitigen repr?sentativen Kundenbefragung zum Einkaufsverhalten. Nach dem bis etwa 2000 festzustellenden fast explosionsartigen Zuwachs an gro?fl?chigem Einzelhandel anfangs vor allem auf der „Grünen Wiese“, ist es in den Folgejahren zu einer relativen Konsolidierung des Bestandes und zu einer verst?rkten Hinwendung zu innerst?dtischen Standorten gekommen. Obwohl sich damit insgesamt die Verkaufsfl?che in Brandenburg seit 1990 vervierfachte und im Ostteil Berlins verdreifachte, liegt die durchschnittliche Versorgungsdichte (Gesamtverkaufsfl?che des Einzelhandels je Einwohner) in allen Teilr?umen der Hauptstadtregion Berlin-Brandenburg im Jahre 2006 weiterhin unter dem bundesdeutschen Mittelwert und unter den Werten anderer deutscher Metropolregionen. Die Analyse der Bestandserfassung widerlegt landl?ufige Auffassungen von einer „Schieflage“ zwischen Berlin und seinem Umland sowie einem damit verknüpften Kaufkraftentzug. Andererseits wurden jedoch bei der Verkaufsfl?chenausstattung sowohl innerhalb Brandenburgs zwischen den Kreisen als auch innerhalb Berlins zwischen den Bezirken regionale Disparit?ten deutlich. In Auswertung einer repr?sentativen Telefon- und Kundenbefragung an ausgew?hlten Einkaufszentren lassen sich g?ngige Fehleinsch?tzungen zur Einkaufsorientierung und zu den Einzugsbereichen gro?er Shopping Malls nicht aufrechterhalten. Beispielsweise bevorzugen über zwei Drittel der Bev?lkerung in Berlin und Brandenburg auch bei Artikeln des periodischen Bedarfs meist Einkaufszentren in ihrem n?heren Wohnumfeld, was auch als Indiz für die zum Ausdruck gebrachte Zufriedenheit mit der jeweiligen Versorgungssituation gewertet werden konnte.     

Adam Ferguson on the Perils of Popular Factions and Demagogues in a Roman Mirror

For the Scottish Enlightenment thinker Adam Ferguson (1723–1816) and many of his time, the history of the Roman Republic furnished the best case study for discussions of internal threats to a mixed system of government. These included factionalism, popular discontent, and the rise of demagogues seeking to concentrate power in their own hands. Ferguson has sometimes been interpreted as a ‘Machiavellian’ who celebrated the legacy of Rome and in particular the value of civic discord. By contrast, this article argues that he is better understood as a disciple of Montesquieu, who viewed Rome as an anachronistic and dangerous ideal in the eighteenth century, the era of the civilized and commercial monarchy. The greatest fear of Ferguson was military despotism, which he believed was the likely outcome of democratic chaos produced by the levelling instincts of the ‘common’ people and demagogues prepared to harness their discontent. In such a scenario, a legitimate order in a mixed government would be turned into a faction putting the constitutional balance at risk, undermining intermediary powers, and ending liberty for all.     

Does the walkability of neighbourhoods affect children's independent mobility,independent of parental,socio-cultural and individual factors?

The association between neighbourhood walkability and children's independent mobility using an ecological approach is relatively unexplored. In 2007, 1480 10- to 12-year-old children (and 1314 parents) attending low and high walkable schools across Perth, Western Australia, completed surveys. Objective built environment, social-cultural and individual-level factors were explored. High neighbourhood walkability predicted girls' independent mobility. However, girls and boys were more likely to be independently mobile if they and their parents were confident that they could travel independently. Providing safe, walkable neighbourhoods – particularly for girls – combined with strategies to improve children's skills to safely navigate their neighbourhood may increase independent mobility.     

Rights as Wrongs: Legality and Sacrality in Thailand

Abstract

Interviews with injury victims in northern Thailand (Lanna) conveyed a pervasive sense of injustice in their daily lives but a notable absence of the language of rights. Despite the proliferation of rights-based discourses, organisations, and institutions in Thai society, interviewees tended to disfavour the pursuit of rights because they believed that resort to the legal system would subvert Lanna traditional practices and would add to the bad karma that caused their suffering in the first place. This article traces fundamental contradictions in northern Thai concepts of justice arising from the imposition of “modern” systems of law and religion by the central Thai (at that time Siamese) government in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It views the legal modernisation project as a continuation of earlier efforts to impose central control over outlying regions by curtailing what were viewed as deviant cultural practices in order to weaken rival political, religious and legal traditions. The transformation of law in Lanna – from the Mangraisat tradition to a European-style legal framework – should therefore be viewed in conjunction with other cultural and political transformations initiated from Bangkok. Current expressions of disaffection and confusion about justice are rooted in this broader historical process.     

The application of LiDAR-based DEMs on WWII conflict sites in the Netherlands

Airborne Laser Scanning or Light Detecting And Ranging (LiDAR) is quite a new technique for most archaeologists. Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), derived from the LiDAR-data, can be very useful to map archaeological sites in order to get a better overview of what is left and how these remains should be protected and researched further. LiDAR-based DEMs can be extremely useful to conflict archaeologists, especially in the Netherlands where excavation of the remains of World War II (WWII) is often problematic. Using DEMs it is possible to make both an indication of the archaeological and the heritage value of a conflict site. The use of DEMs will improve the prospection, mapping and monitoring of archaeological sites.     

Palaeomagnetic dating of fluid-flow events in dolomitized rocks along the Highland Boundary Fault, central Scotland

Palaeomagnetic and geochemical studies of Cambrian–Ordovician serpentinite in the Highland Border Complex (HBC), a tectonic terrane along the Highland Boundary Fault (HBF) in Scotland, indicate that the HBF was a conduit for fluids in the Carboniferous–Permian. The fluids caused dolomitization, silicification, and haematite authigenesis. Both red dolomitized serpentinite and relatively unaltered serpentinite were sampled at multiple localities. The unaltered serpentinite contains a poorly defined magnetization with westerly declinations that resides in magnetite and has a pole which plots well off the apparent polar wander path. Most specimens of the red dolomitized serpentinite contain a magnetization with southerly declinations and negative inclinations that resides in haematite. A regional fold test suggests that this magnetization post‐dates tilting and the pole positions for the different locations fall on the Carboniferous to Permian part of the apparent polar wander path. In some specimens of red dolomitized serpentinite, alternating field (AF) demagnetization prior to thermal treatment removes a component with a similar direction. Dolomitized basement rocks along the fault contain a similar although apparently slightly older magnetization. Fluid inclusion and geochemical studies indicate that the fluids were hydrothermal in origin (110–240°C) and had a range of sources. The Carboniferous–Permian magnetization in haematite is interpreted as a chemical remanent magnetization that formed when warm fluids moved along the fault zone and caused haematite authigenesis. The component removed by AF treatment is interpreted as a thermal resetting of primary magnetite by the fluids. The variability of the palaeomagnetic, fluid inclusion, and stable isotope results suggests that there were probably multiple flow events that caused the alteration. The origin of the fluids could be related to the intrusion of late Carboniferous dikes in central Scotland and/or to reactivation of the HBF in the Carboniferous–Permian.