越南传入古籍略考

在中越文化交流中,不只是越南搜求中国图籍,也有一些越南人的汉文作品在中国产生或流传.《四库总目》著录越南书数种,如黎崱《安南志略》、黎澄《南翁梦录》,但原属越南书籍,后传人中国的只有一部《越史略》.本文拟对从越南传人中国的数种古籍作一点探讨,遗漏不当之处,请读者指正.文中所谓古籍的著作年代大致以清代为限.     

Incorporating Soil Associations into Linear Programming Models for Development of Irrigation Scenarios

An inadequate streamflow supply in Saginaw Bay, Michigan, affects the irrigation development in the region. Linear programming (LP) models are developed in this paper to help irrigation planners determine optimal irrigation scenarios. To incorporate the spatial variations of the soil and climate into the optimization models, soil associations are used as the basic analysis unit for estimating crop yields, irrigation requirements, and expected economic returns. The yields and irrigation requirements of corn, drybeans, and soybeans are simulated by the CERES-MAIZE, BEANGRO, and SOYGRO models at each of the twelve soil associations in the study area over the period of 1951–1980. The yield and irrigation requirement of sugarbeets are simulated by the YIELD model for all the soils in the study area over the period of 1956–1987. The crop prices, simulated crop yields and irrigation requirements, and variable costs are used to compute the expected gross margins and other coefficients in the LP models. The optimization results provide irrigation scenarios that are linked to specific soil associations, which are more useful to decision makers for identifying and targeting individual soils for irrigation development than are the spatially lumped optimal solutions. This study demonstrates that through integration of GIS and simulation models, spatial variations of the climate, soil, and water resources can be better represented in the optimization models to produce more realistic irrigation scenarios.     

文物工作基础识讲座 第五讲 文物的有效保护(上)

依靠法律手段来实施对文物的有效保护 ,是当今世界上各个国家的普遍做法。本文就我国的文物保护问题 ,从法律体系、受保护的范围、行使主体、公民保护文物的权利和义务四个方面进行了阐述     

实事求是是唯物史观的基本原则——以“五种社会形态理论”为中心的探讨

是否遵循实事求是的方法论原则,是判定唯物史观还是唯心史观的根本标志,也是二者判然有别的分水岭。唯物史观不以任何先验的东西为前提,唯心史观则相反。凡是不遵循实事求是方法论原则乃至有意违反这一原则的历史观,毫无疑问一定是唯心史观,而绝非唯物史观。根据实事求是原则去考察历史,符合过去人们所理解的五种社会形态理论本来所规定的意义和内涵,因生产力不断发展而导致五种社会形态依次演进更替的例子,在人类历史上并不存在。     

20世纪伊朗与以色列关系评析

本文认为,巴列维时期伊朗与以色列结成“外围联盟”,共同应对苏联的威胁和激进阿拉伯国家的挑战。伊朗伊斯兰教革命后,尽管霍梅尼从意识形态出发强烈反对以色列,但因各自国家安全利益的需要,两伊战争期间伊以仍然保持着秘密武器交易。随着冷战后苏联的解体和伊拉克在海湾战争中被削弱,共同的敌人消失了,伊以为争夺在中东地缘政治中的优势地位展开了激烈竞争甚至对抗,伊朗以反对中东和平进程和支持阿拉伯激进组织来对付以色列;而以色列则竭力把伊朗排除在中东和平进程之外,大力渲染伊朗伊斯兰原教旨主义和伊核计划对中东稳定及世界和平的威胁,以引起美国等西方国家对伊朗的关注、制裁,甚至军事打击,保持以色列在中东的强国地位。     

无望的对抗格局--三论世界历史上的大清帝国

当近代西方殖民列强东来的时候,它们面临的是一个走向衰亡的明王朝和一个崛起的清王朝。上升时期的大清帝国,特别是其康雍乾盛世,国家生命力旺盛。无论是葡萄牙、西班牙还是荷兰、英国,都无法阻止其繁荣昌盛。然而伴随着西方资本主义的发展,西方列强轮番兴起,由于各种内部因素,如中国封建王朝自然经济的发展规律,中国封建社会晚期皇权压制下海商集团的命运,大清帝国反而逐渐耗尽了国家生命力,终于沦为列强的半殖民地并走向衰亡。     

初版与再版邮票的质子激发X荧光鉴别法

报道用质子激发X荧光（PIXE）法分析我国初版与再版纪念邮票和特种邮票的实验结果。实验表明,初版和再版邮票所用印刷油墨颜料的化学元素的成分是不同的,因而PIXE方法可以用来实现初版和再版珍贵邮票的无损鉴定。这一方法也可以应用到对某些重要纸质文献或艺术品真伪的鉴定。     

The right to social welfare in early medieval Iceland

As a rule poor relief in medieval Europe was practised in the form of charity by Church, monasteries and rich people. They distributed their alms to the poor, who received them gratefully and humbly. From early medieval Iceland elaborate social laws have come down to us that are remarkable in their originality for the period. We shall describe these laws, and investigate their history, development and the reason of their existence.     

铜绿山古铜矿遗址古坑木防腐保护

通过模拟试验和现场试验,对铜绿山古铜矿遗址古坑木的保护方法进行了研究,找到了一种较适合于古铜矿遗址使用的古坑木保护方法,取得了较好的效果。     

山东青铜镜金相分析──兼论我国古镜的组织特征

对12件山东古代青铜镜进行了金相分析,其中6件为铸态,6件为热处理态,热处理的基本特征是：观察面上可看到许多明晃的交叉状物和不太明显的晶界状、环链状物。这与我国古镜的特征组织是一种“两端尖锐的长条状及针状”物之说是不相符的。