Characteristics of Raised Cobble Ridges in the Terrace Bay Area of the North Shore of Lake Superior

Cobble features near Terrace Bay, Ontario, traditionally described as 'raised beach ridges,' are investigated to establish the extent to which they exhibit characteristics substantiating the assumption of a wave-formed origin. Detailed examination of their plan orientation, profile, and pattern does indicate a wave-formed origin, with little evidence of shore ice activity during their formation or of sub-aerial modification since. Localized angular materials and topographic discontinuities suggest that surface morphology represents the compound effect of rare high magnitude storm wave events over the last three thousand years.
L'auteur étudie les formations de galets près de Terrace Bay, Ontario - ce qu'on désigne généralement comme des «cretes de plage soulevée≫ - afin d'établir dans quelle mesure elles présentent des caractéristiques qui permettent de justifier l'hypothèse selon laquelle elles seraient le résultat de Faction des vagues. De l'examen approfondi du plan vertical, du profil, et de la disposition des formations, on peut en effet conclure à une origine due à l'action des vagues; peu d'indices de l'action de la glace de rive durant la formation, ou de modifications subaériennes par la suite, ont été relevées. La présence de matériaux anguleux dans les environs et les discontinuités topographiques suggèrent que la morphologie de surface est le résultat de l'effet combiné, lors des derniers trois mille ans, de vagues de tempêtes exceptionnelles et d'une très grande puissance.     

The Advocacy Coalition Framework and Implementation of the Endangered Species Act: A Case Study in Western Water Politics

Theories about subsystem activity typically focus on policy formulation processes. One causal model of public policymaking, the advocacy coalition framework, offers a potentially useful way to bridge the gap between policy formulation and implementation in examining subsystem activity. The purpose of this paper is to assess the analytical utility of the advocacy coalition framework by examining the stability of policy-producing coalitions over time in the face of implementation complexities. An analysis of the policy changes that occurred during the implementation of the Endangered Species Act vis-à-vis planning for the construction of the Bureau of Reclamation's Animas-La Plata water project is conducted. The analysis reveals how coalitions protect their policy core beliefs during technical disputes through the acquiescence of secondary aspects of belief systems.     

The Everyday Geography of the Homeless in Kansas City

Homelessness in the United States is a multifaceted problem that appears to be growing. However, very little is known about the geography of homelessness. This paper will document the daily lives of the homeless in Kansas City, Missouri, within the milieu of the emergency shelter. The purpose of this study continues in the humanistic tradition, which is attempting to restore human subjectivity to a field considered to have been dominated for too long by scientific objectivism. Fieldwork took place in Kansas City from 1988 to 1993. Two types of shelters were identified: street and transitional. The street shelters primarily served individual men and were best characterized by the rescue mission. Transitional shelters, on the other hand, catered for men and the more recent additions to the homeless population, single women and families with children. The spatial activity of the homeless was constrained as a result of living in a shelter. One typical response to homelessness was apathy and depression. After approximately 30 days in a shelter, a homeless person often underwent a change in physical appearance and activity. This shelterization meant that homeless men and women became increasingly isolated and conformed to the view of themselves imposed by their fellow homeless, the caretakers, and society at large. Homelessness is more than simply lacking a roof over one's head; it is a process of institutionalization into the milieu of the emergency shelter. Shelter facilities in the US are transforming into long-term caretaking institutions.